Review Article

Review on Hybrid Carbon/Flax Composites and Their Properties

Table 6

Methods used for the manufacture of nonhybrid composites (Figures 25).

ProcedureReference

Carbon fiber epoxy composites
Hand lay-up and compression moulding(1) Impregnation of textiles with epoxy resin
(2) Compression moulding 120°C/4 h/130 kN
[52]
Hand lay-up and vacuum bagging in autoclave(1) Impregnation of textiles with epoxy resin
(2) Autoclave curing at 60°C/12 h
[40]
Autoclave(1) Autoclave curing at 177°C/120 min/0.70 MPa or 121°C/90 min depending on the epoxy type[41]
Hand lay-up(1) Impregnation of textiles with resin
(2) Curing in 2 steps: RT/24 h, 75°C in a stove
[42]
Flax fiber epoxy composites
Hand lay-up and vacuum bagging(1) Impregnation of textiles with resin
(2) Conditioning at RT for 2 weeks
[43]
Autoclave(1) Impregnation of textiles with resin
(2) Moulding under vacuum at 125°C/3 bar
[44]
Film stacking and autoclave(1) UD alignment of fibers
(2) B-staged epoxy sheets are put on the top, between, and under the textile layers
(3) Curing in autoclave at 125°C/3 bar/1 h
[53]
Film stacking and autoclave(1) Pre-impregnation of fibers
(2) Film stacking using B-staged epoxy sheets
(3) Curing in autoclave at 125°C/3 bar/1 h
[45]
Hand lay-upNot stated[46]
Autoclave(1) Curing in autoclave under varied parameters[54]
RTM(1) Pressure 1 or 2 bars depending on the fiber content.
Injection at 50°C, curing at 80°C/8 h
[47]
Hand lay-up(1) Resin impregnation of mats
(2) Curing in a mould at 80°C/1 h
[48]
Hand lay-up and compression moulding(1) Resin impregnation of fabrics
(2) Compression moulding at 120°C/15 min/2.5 bar and at 150°C/2 h/5 bar
[49]
Vacuum bagging and autoclave(1) Curing at 130°C/4 bar[50]
Hand lay-up and vacuum bagging(1) Resin impregnation
(2) Vacuum bagging
(3) Curing in 2 steps: RT/24 h, at 65°C/7 h
[55]
Vacuum bagging and autoclave(1) Curing at 120°C/60 min/0.62 MPa[51]

Note: RT: room temperature; NS: not stated.