Methylated melamine grafted polyvinyl benzylchloride (mm-g-PvBCl) was prepared which was used as additive in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and graphene nanosheets (GNs) were used to reinforce the mechanical strength. Using casting method, antimicrobial nanocomposite films were prepared with the polymeric biocide loading lever of 1&#x2009;wt&#x25;, 5&#x2009;wt&#x25;, and 10&#x2009;wt&#x25;. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) characterization revealed the 2.0&#x2009;wt&#x25; of graphene content in resultant nanocomposites films. XRD showed that the resultant GNs 2 theta was changed from 16.6 degree to 23.3 degree. Using Japanese Industry Standard test methods, the antimicrobial efficiency for the loading lever of 1&#x2009;wt&#x25;, 5&#x2009;wt&#x25;, and 10&#x2009;wt&#x25; was 92.0&#x25;, 95.8&#x25;, and 97.1&#x25;, respectively, against gram negative bacteria E. coli and 92.3&#x25;, 99.6&#x25;, and 99.7&#x25;, respectively, against the gram positive S. aureus. These results indicate the prepared nanocomposite films are the promising materials for the food and drink package applications.

Yuan-Cheng Cao

Wenjun Wei

Jiyan Liu

Qingliang You

Feiyan Liu

Qian Lan

Chang Zhang

Chang Liu

Jinxing Zhao

The Preparation of Graphene Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol) Antibacterial Nanocomposite Thin Film

Here we describe a simple route to synthesize three-arm star-branched polystyrene. Atom transfer radical polymerization technique has been utilized to yield branched polystyrene involving Williamson coupling strategy. Initially a linear polymeric chain of predetermined molecular weight has been synthesized which is further end-functionalized into a primary alkyl bromide moiety, a prime requisition for Williamson reaction. The end-functionalized polymer is then coupled using 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, a trifunctional core molecule, to give well-defined triple-arm star-branched  polystyrene.

Syed Shahabuddin

Fatem Hamime Ismail

Sharifah Mohamad

Norazilawati Muhamad Sarih

Synthesis of Well-Defined Three-Arm Star-Branched Polystyrene through Arm-First Coupling Approach by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

A waterborne polyurethane-based polymeric dye (WPU-CFBB) was synthesized by anchoring 1, 4-bis(methylamino)anthraquinone (CFBB) to waterborne polyurethane chains. The number molecular weight, glass transition temperature, and average emulsion particle size for the polymeric dye were determined, respectively. This polymeric dye exhibited intriguing optical behaviors. The polymeric dye engendered two new absorption bands centered at about 520&#x2009;nm and 760&#x2009;nm if compared with CFBB in UV-vis spectra. The 760&#x2009;nm peak showed hypsochromic shift with the decrease of average particle sizes. The polymeric dye dramatically demonstrated both hypsochromic and bathochromic effects with increasing temperature. The fluorescence intensity of the polymeric dye was much higher than that of CFBB. It was found that the fluorescence intensities would be enhanced from 20&#xb0;C to 40&#xb0;C and then decline from 40&#xb0;C to 90&#xb0;C. The fluorescence of the polymeric dye emulsion was very stable and was not sensitive to quenchers.

Xianhai Hu

Xingyuan Zhang

Jin Liu

Synthesis and Optical Performances of a Waterborne Polyurethane-Based Polymeric Dye

Five new thiophenes, namely, N-[(3-bromo-2-methylthiophen-5-yl)methylene]-4-methoxyaniline (4a), N-[(3-bromo-2-methylthiophen-5-yl)methylene]-3,4-dimethoxyaniline (4b), N-[(3-bromo-2-methylthiophen-5-yl)methylene]-3,4-dimethylaniline (4c), 3-[(3-bromo-2-methylthiophen-5-yl)methyleneamino]-2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (4d), and 3-[(3-bromo-2-methylthiophen-5-yl)methyleneamino]-2-isopropylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (4e), have been synthesized. All of these materials brought about a reduction in the level of photodegradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films containing the synthesized thiophenes (0.5&#x25;; by weight). The results obtained showed that the extent of photostabilization of PVC in the presence of an additive was in the order 4e&#x2009;&#x3E;&#x2009;4d&#x2009;&#x3E;&#x2009;4b&#x2009;&#x3E;&#x2009;4a&#x2009;&#x3E;&#x2009;4c. For the most favorable additive (4e), the rate of appearance of infrared absorption bands of degradation products was reduced by around two-thirds, while the quantum yield of chain scission was calculated to be reduced by a factor of more than one thousand. It is suggested that the additives may help stabilize PVC by direct absorption of UV radiation and dissipation of the energy as heat or that electrostatic attraction between the additives and PVC may assist transfer of energy from excited state PVC to the additive, from where it can be dissipated.

Asim A. Balakit

Ahmed Ahmed

Gamal A. El-Hiti

Keith Smith

Emad Yousif

Synthesis of New Thiophene Derivatives and Their Use as Photostabilizers for Rigid Poly(vinyl chloride)

The nonuniform distribution of cellulose into many composite materials is attributed to the hydrogen bonding observed by the three hydroxyl groups located on each glucose monomer. As an alternative, chemical functionalization is performed to disrupt the strong hydrogen bonding behavior without significant altering of the chemical structure or lowering of the thermal stability. In this report, we use wheat straw as the biomass source for the extraction of cellulose and, subsequently, chemical modification via the Albright-Goldman and Jones oxidation reactions. X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that upon oxidation a slight change in the cellulose polymorphic structure (CI to CII) can be observed when compared to its unmodified counterpart. Scanning electron microscopy analyses show that the oxidized cellulose structure exhibits fiber-like crystals with lengths and diameters on the micrometer scale. Thermal analyses (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis) show an increase in the thermal stability for the modified cellulose at extremely high temperatures (&#x3E;300&#xb0;C).

Chemar J. Huntley

Kristy D. Crews

Michael L. Curry

Chemical Functionalization and Characterization of Cellulose Extracted from Wheat Straw Using Acid Hydrolysis Methodologies

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International Journal of Polymer Science publishes research on the chemistry and physics of macromolecules, including the synthesis and characterisation of polymeric materials and polymerisation processes, both theoretical and experimental.

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Chief Editor Dr. Qinglin Wu is Gordon Cain Chair and Roy O. Martin Sr. Professor at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center. His current research focus on sustainable nanomaterials as building blocks for composites, fluids, and energy storage materials.

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International Journal of Polymer Science - Table of contents 2015

International Journal of Polymer Science | Hindawi

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International Journal of Polymer Science publishes research on the chemistry and physics of macromolecules, including the synthesis and characterisation of polymeric materials and polymerisation processes, both theoretical and experimental.

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International Journal of Polymer Science