Canadian Pregnancy Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Table 3

Local and worldwide published odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for obstetrical and neonatal complications.

Publication and country	Disease	Pregnancy-related hypertension*	Cesarean section	Prematurity (<37 weeks gestation)^†	Size^‡	Postpartum infection
Barnabe, Canada	RA	2.33 (0.76–7.14)	1.89 (0.53–6.78)^§	2.66 (0.90–7.84)^||	2.18 (0.84–5.66)^||	NR
	SLE	2.16 (1.10–4.21)	3.47 (1.67–7.22)^§	6.17 (3.28–11.58)^||	2.54 (1.42–4.55)^||	2.07 (0.50–8.54)^¶
Chakravarty, United States [3]	RA	1.4 (1.0–2.0)	1.5 (1.2–1.9)	NR	2.3 (1.2–4.3)	NR
	SLE	3.4 (2.9–4.1)	1.6 (1.4–1.9)	NR	3.7 (2.7–5.2)	NR
Clowse, United States [4]**	SLE	3.0 (2.7–3.3)	1.7 (1.6–1.9)	2.4 (2.1–2.6)	2.6 (2.2–3.1)	Sepsis: 3.5 (2.0–6.0) Pneumonia: 4.3 (3.1–5.9)
Reed, United States [5]^††	RA	1.55 (0.97–2.50)	1.66 (1.22–2.26)	1.78 (1.21–2.60)	1.51 (0.94–2.43)	NR
Lin, Taiwan [6]	RA	2.23 (1.60–3.12)	1.20 (1.09–1.33)	1.18 (0.98–1.40)	1.20 (1.05–1.37)	NR
Wallenius, Norway [7]	Chronic inflammatory arthritides	0.60 (0.22–1.62)	1.71 (1.13–2.59)	1.91 (1.13–3.24)	1.59 (0.99–2.54)	NR
Nørgaard, Denmark and Sweden [9]	RA	1.50 (1.13–1.94)	1.78 (1.56–2.02)	1.53 (1.23–1.90)	1.60 (1.25–2.03)	NR
Wolfberg, United States [8]^‡‡	RA	1.8 (0.2–13.4)	NR	NR	NR	NR
	SLE	5.7 (2.0–16.2)	NR	NR	NR	NR

All values are crude odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) unless otherwise stated.
RA: rheumatoid arthritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; OR odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; SGA: small for gestational age; IUGR: intrauterine growth restriction; NR: not reported.
*All pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders. In the studies by Clowse, Reed, Lin, Wallenius, Nørgaard, and Wolfberg odds ratios for preeclampsia are reported.
^†Clowse reports preterm labor. Nørgaard reports prematurity as 32–36 weeks gestation.
^‡All report small for gestational age, except Chakravarty and Clowse which report intrauterine growth restriction.
^§Adjusted for dysfunctional labor (including uterine inertia, malpresentation, or obstruction) and previous cesarean section.
^||Adjusted for instrumentation and caesarean section.
^¶Adjusted for maternal hypertension.
**Adjusted for comorbidities, pregnancy complications, and medical computations.
^††Relative risk calculated from odds ratio; adjusted for age, smoking, year. ^‡‡Adjusted for age.