Review Article
Use of Biologic Agents in Ocular Manifestations of Rheumatic Disease
| Biologic agent | Trade name | Mechanism of action |
| TNF-α blockers |
| Infliximab | Remicade | Chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNF-α | Etanercept | Enbrel | TNF receptor-IgG fusion protein | Adalimumab | Humira | Human monoclonal antibody against TNF-α | Certolizumab pegol | Cimzia | PEGylated Fab of a humanized TNF inhibitor monoclonal antibody | Golimumab | Simponi | Humanized monoclonal antibody against TNF-α |
| Lymphocyte inhibitors |
| Rituximab | Rituxan | Chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20 | Abatacept | Orencia | Selective inhibitor of T-cell costimulation |
| Anti-interleukin antibodies |
| Anakinra | Kineret | IL-1 receptor antagonist | Daclizumab | Zenapax | Humanized monoclonal antibody to IL-2 receptor | Tocilizumab | Actemra | Humanized monoclonal antibody to IL-6R | Basiliximab | Simulect | Chimeric monoclonal antibody to the CD25 |
| Specific receptor antibodies |
| Efalizumab | Raptiva | CD11a, a pan-leukocyte surface marker, inhibitor | Alefacept | Amevive | CD2 inhibitor | Alemtuzumab | Campath-1H | CD52, a pan-lymphocyte antigen, antagonist |
| Anti-VEGF-A antibodies |
| Ranibizumab | Lucentis | Monoclonal antibody fragment (Fab) targeting VEGF-A | Bevacizumab | Avastin | Monoclonal antibody targeting VEGF-A |
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