International Journal of Rheumatology

Research Article

The Contribution of Drugs and Helicobacter pylori to Gastric Mucosa Changes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Table 7

Gastric mucosal changes at EGD according the administration of anticoagulants and the rate of H. pylori detection.


Altered gastric mucosa	H. pylori	Patients receiving anticoagulants,		Patients not receiving anticoagulants,		Comparison group,		P; OR (95%CI)
		n = 49		n = 36		n = 12

Antral gastritis, n (%)	(+)	40 (88.9)	45 (91.8)	16 (72.7)	22 (61.1)	3 (60.0)	5 (41.7)	P₁ = 0.0004; OR = 15.75 (95% CI 3.39-73.26)	P₂ = 0.14; OR = 5.33 (95% CI 0.71-40.06)	P₃ = 0.00076; OR = 7.16, (95% CI 2.11-24.31)	P₄ = 0.09; OR = 3 (95% CI 0.80-11.24)
	(-)	5 (11.1)		6 (27.3)		2 (40.0)

Pangastritis, n (%)	(+)	2 (100.0)	2 (4.1)	5 (100.0)	5 (13.9)	2 (100.0)	2 (16.7)	P₁ = 0.17; OR = 0.21 (95% CI 0.03-1.70)	P₂ = 1	P₃ = 0.11; OR = 0.26 (95% CI 0.05-1.45)	P₄ = 1
	(-)	0		0		0

Gastric mucosal erosion, n (%)	(+)	10 (90.9)	11 (22.4)	8 (80.0)	10 (27.8)	2 (100.0)	2 (16.7)	P₁ = 0.50; OR = 1.45 (95% CI 0.28-7.61)	P₂ = 0.85; OR = 0 (95% CI 0-NaN)	P₃ = 0.38; OR = 0.75 (95% CI 0.28-2.03)	P₄ = 0.46; OR = 2.5 (95% CI 0.19-32.80)
	(-)	1 (9.1)		2 (20.0)		0

Gastric mucosal hemorrhage, n (%)	(+)	4 (100.0)	4 (8.2)	2 (66.7)	3 (8.3)	1 (100.0)	1 (8.3)	P₁ = 0.68; OR = 0.98 (95% CI 0.10-9.64)	P₂ = 1	P₃ = 0.64; OR = 0.98 (95% CI 0.20-4.67)	P₄ = 0.43; OR = Infinity (95% CI NaN-Infinity)
	(-)	0		1 (33.3)		0

Intact gastric mucosa, n (%)	(+)	2 (100.0)	2 (4.1)	4 (66.7)	6 (16.7)	2 (50.0)	4 (33.3)	P₁ = 0.011; OR = 11.75; (95% CI 1.84-75.15)	P₂ = 0.4; OR = Infinity (95% CI NaN-Infinity)	P₃ = 0.057; OR = 0.21 (95% CI 0.04-1.12)	P₄ = 0.54; OR = Infinity (95% CI NaN-Infinity)
	(-)	0		2 (33.3)		2 (50.0)

Notes: The percentage of patients with appropriate GM changes in the anticoagulant, non-anticoagulant, and comparison groups was calculated from the total number of patients in the corresponding group.
The percentage of H. pylori-positive patients was calculated from the number of those with appropriate GM changes in the anticoagulant, non-anticoagulant, and comparison groups.
Р₁: comparison of the number of patients with and without appropriate GM changes in the comparison and anticoagulant groups.
Р₂: comparison of the number of H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients with an appropriate GM change in the comparison and anticoagulant groups.
Р₃: comparison of the number of patients with and without appropriate GM changes in the anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant groups.
Р₄: comparison of the number of H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients with an appropriate GM change in the anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant groups.