International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing

Research Article

Exploring Online Synthesis for CGRAs with Specialized Operator Sets

Table 2

Runtime acceleration of benchmark applications.
(a) Round key generation
Configuration Rijndael Twofish RC6 Serpent
Clock ticks Speedup Clock ticks Speedup Clock ticks Speedup Clock ticks Speedup
Plain software17760—525276—61723—44276—
4 operators 4602 3.86 43224 12.15 3725 16.57 6335 6.99
8 operators 4284 4.15 35130 14.95 3459 17.84 6245 7.09
12 operators 4337 4.09 34280 15.32 3459 17.84 6230 7.11
16 operators 4337 4.09 34112 15.40 3459 17.84 6230 7.11
(b) Single block encryption
Configuration Rijndael Twofish RC6 Serpent
Clock ticks Speedup Clock ticks Speedup Clock ticks Speedup Clock ticks Speedup
Plain software21389—12864—17371—34855—
4 operators 6230 3.43 8506 1.51 2852 6.09 3278 10.63
8 operators 6181 3.46 8452 1.52 2810 6.18 3273 10.65
12 operators 6167 3.47 8452 1.52 2768 6.28 3273 10.65
16 operators 6167 3.47 8452 1.52 2768 6.28 3273 10.65
(c) Hash & digest algorithms
Configuration SHA-1 SHA-256 MD5
Clock ticks SpeedupClock ticksSpeedup Clock ticks Speedup
Plain software23948—47471—11986—
4 operators 4561 5.25361913.12 1485 8.07
8 operators 4561 5.25348413.63 1485 8.07
12 operators 4561 5.25348413.63 1485 8.07
16 operators 4561 5.25348413.63 1485 8.07
(d) Image Processing
Configuration Sobel filter Grayscale filter Contrast filter
Clock ticks SpeedupClock ticksSpeedup Clock ticks Speedup
Plain software21124—236—608—
4 operators 2246 9.41 59 4.00 90 6.76
8 operators 2246 9.41 59 4.00 90 6.76
12 operators 2246 9.41 59 4.00 90 6.76
16 operators 2246 9.41 59 4.00 90 6.76
(e) JPEG encoding
ConfigurationJPEG‒EncoderColor Space Transformation2-D Forward DCTQuantization
Clock Ticks Speedup Clock Ticks Speedup Clock Ticks Speedup Clock Ticks Speedup
Plain software17368663—3436078—23054—7454—
4 operators 4737944 3.67 323805 10.61 2743 8.40 1816 4.10
8 operators 4645468 3.74 292889 11.73 2572 8.96 1816 4.10
12 operators 4620290 3.76 277431 12.39 2545 9.06 1816 4.10
16 operators 4612561 3.77 269702 12.74 2545 9.06 1816 4.10