High Humidity Aerodynamic Effects Study on Offshore Wind Turbine Airfoil/Blade Performance through CFD Analysis

Table 3

Airfoil performance with various condensation models for Re = 3 × 10⁶, AOA = 6 degrees.

Model	RH (%)	Cl	Cd	L/D	Condensation mass flux (kg/(m^2·s))
Species transport (2D mesh)	25	0.98535	0.01353	72.84859
	90	0.97485	0.01341	72.69575
Vapor film (VF) condensation model (2D mesh)	25	0.98535	0.01353	72.85397
	90	0.97484	0.01341	72.70043
VF model (temperature difference = 5°C)	25	0.98539	0.01353	72.85155	−0.01296
	90	0.97533	0.01341	72.74239	−0.17910
VF model (temperature difference = 10°C)	25	0.98558	0.01353	72.87098	−0.08224
	90	0.97603	0.01341	72.80546	−0.43686
Species transport (3D mesh)	25	0.97877	0.01413	69.28855
	90	0.97839	0.01416	69.10998
Vapor film (VF) condensation model (3D mesh)	25	0.97860	0.01414	69.22261
	90	0.97832	0.01416	69.07576
VF model (3D-temperature difference = 5°C)	25	0.98018	0.01392	70.41523	−0.14498
	90	0.98028	0.01396	70.24579	−3.12070
VF model (3D-temperature difference = 10°C)	25	0.97837	0.01381	70.87070	−0.91603
	90	0.97956	0.01386	70.69573	−5.72690
Eulerian Wall Film (EWF 3D mesh)	0	0.94552	0.02873	32.91512
	25	0.94494	0.02909	32.47886
	90	0.92906	0.03017	30.79417