Review Article
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity: Navigating the Pathophysiologic Labyrinth
Table 1
Clinical manifestations and conditions associated with polycystic ovary syndrome.
(a) |
| Manifestation | Reference | Sample | Prevalence |
| Manifestations of hyperandrogenism |
| Hirsutism | Marcondes et al. [34] | 73 | 83.8% | Baldani et al. [35] | 365 | 73.2% | Jedel et al. [36] | 30 | 73% |
| Acne | Jedel et al. [36] | 30 | 63% |
Özdemir et al. [37] | 115 | 53% | Baldani et al. [35] | 365 | 49.6% |
| Alopecia |
Özdemir et al. [37] | 115 | 34.8% |
Sivayoganathan et al. [38] | 70 | 16% |
| Seborrhea |
Özdemir et al. [37] | 115 | 34.8% |
| Manifestations of ovarian dysfunction |
| Oligomenorrhea | Valkenburg et al. [39] | 412 | 74% | Baldani et al. [35] | 365 | 69.2% | Jedel et al. [36] | 30 | 20% |
| Amenorrhea | Valkenburg et al. [39] | 412 | 26% | Baldani et al. [35] | 365 | 21.5% | Jedel et al. [36] | 30 | 43% |
| Ultrasound polycystic ovaries | Baldani et al. [35] | 365 | 97.3% | Valkenburg et al. [39] | 412 | 89% | Hahn et al. [40] | 200 | 83% |
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(b) |
| Condition | Reference | Sample | Prevalence |
| Associated conditions |
| Obesity | Ehrmann et al. [41] | 394 | 80% | Hahn et al. [40] | 200 | 52% | Azziz et al. [42] | 267 | 42% |
| Insulin resistance |
Carmina and Lobo [43] | 267 | 77% | Hahn et al. [40] | 200 | 71% |
| Impaired fasting glucose | Ehrmann et al. [41] | 122 | 35% | Legro et al. [44] | 254 | 31.1% |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Legro et al. [44] | 254 | 7.5% | Ehrmann et al. [41] | 394 | 6.6% |
| Arterial hypertension | Ehrmann et al. [41] | 394 | 21% | Elting et al. [45] | 346 | 9% |
| Dyslipidemia | Hahn et al. [40] | 200 | 46.3% | Ehrmann et al. [41] | 394 | 32% |
| Metabolic syndrome | Dokras et al. [46] | 129 | 47.3% | Apridonidze et al. [13] | 106 | 43% |
| Mood disorders | Jedel et al. [36] | 30 | 53% | Hollinrake et al. [47] | 103 | 21% |
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All studies cited were carried out in adults.
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