Refusal of Cancer-Directed Surgery Strongly Impairs Survival of Patients with Localized Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Table 2

Comparison of patients with localized HCC who had, with those who, refused CDS, and those CDS were not performed due to unknown reason. CDS: cancer-directed surgery.

	Refused	CDS	Not performed
	𝑁(%)	𝑁(%)	𝑁(%)
Age (mean ± SD)	68±13	60±12	66±13
Age group
<60	35 (24.6)	1494 (49.5)	354 (31.5)
≥60	107 (75.5)	1522 (50.5)	771 (68.5)
Gender
Male	99 (69.7)	2139 (70.9)	827 (73.5)
Female	43 (30.3)	877 (29.1)	298 (26.5)
Race
White	79 (55.6)	1875 (62.2)	778 (69.2)
Black	19 (13.4)	267 (8.9)	157 (14.0)
Asian	40 (28.2)	826 (27.4)	159 (14.1)
American Indian	4 (2.8)	33 (1.1)	25 (2.2)
Unknown	0 (0.0)	15 (0.5)	6 (0.5)
Marital status
Married	72 (50.7)	1976 (65.5)	610 (54.2)
Divorced	18 (12.8)	258 (8.6)	121 (10.8)
Separated	0 (0.0)	37 (1.2)	7 (0.6)
Single	15 (10.6)	395 (13.1)	156 (13.9)
Windowed	28 (19.7)	272 (9.0)	168 (14.9)
Unknown	9 (6.3)	78 (2.6)	63 (5.6)
Grade
Well differentiated	19 (13.4)	801 (26.6)	205 (18.2)
Moderately differentiated	17 (12.0)	875 (29.0)	125 (11.1)
Poorly differentiated	9 (6.3)	282 (9.4)	78 (6.9)
Undifferentiated	0 (0.0)	39 (1.3)	10 (0.9)
Unknown	97 (68.3)	1019 (33.8)	707 (62.9)
Tumor size
<5 cm	5 (3.5)	364 (12.1)	11 (1.0)
≥5 cm	8 (5.6)	171 (5.7)	23 (2.0)
Unknown	129 (90.8)	2481 (82.3)	1091 (97.0)
Year of diagnosis
1985–1994	23 (16.2%)	345 (11.4)	290 (25.8)
1995–2004	119 (83.8)	2671 (88.6)	835 (74.2)