Minimally Invasive Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Past, Present, and Future

Table 2

Short-term and long-term outcomes of randomized controlled trials for laparoscopic rectal surgery compared to open rectal surgery for rectal cancer.

	Araujo [48]	CLASICC [6, 32]	Ng [45]	Ng [44]	Leung [43]
Return of bowel function			↓	↓	↓
Pain score			=		↓
Narcotic use			↓	↓	↓
Length of stay	=		=	↓	↓
OR time	↓		↑	↑	↑
EBL	=		=	=	↓
LN yield	↓		=	=	=
Circumferential margin +		=	=	=
Postoperative morbidity	=		=	=	=
Postoperative mortality			=	=	=
Overall survival		=	=	=	=
Disease free survival		=	=	=	=
Local recurrence	=	=	=	=	=
Distant recurrence		=			=

OR: operating room; EBL: estimated blood loss; LN: lymph node. Each outcome recorded is compared to open controls. ↑ or ↓ represents a statistically significant difference related to the outcome; otherwise, = represents no statistical difference.