<i>Purpose.</i> MicroRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules that posttranscriptionally regulated expression of target gene and implicate the progress of cancer proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The aim of this study is to determine whether microRNA-21 (miR-21), a specific microRNA implicated in multiple aspects of carcinogenesis, promoted breast cancer metastasis by regulating the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) gene. <i>Methods.</i> miR-21 of serum and tissue from 40 patients (30 patients with breast cancer) were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). TIMP-3 of tissue from the patient was tested by real-time RT-qPCR. Protein expression of TIMP-3 was evaluated by western blotting. Correlation analysis was performed between miR-21 and TIMP-3. <i>Results.</i> Of the 40 samples from tissue and serum analyzed, the miR-21 expression was significantly higher in high invasion metastasis group (HIMG) that in low invasion metastasis group (LIMG); the latter was higher than that in normal group (NG). Additionally, the TIMP-3 expression was significantly lower in HIMG than in LIMG; the latter was lower than that in NG. There was significantly inverse correlation between miR-21 and TIMP-3 extracted from tissue. <i>Conclusion.</i> Our data suggest that miR-21 could promote metastasis in breast cancer via the regulation of TIMP3 translation, and there was consistency between miR-21 of serum and miR-21 in tissue.

Jianyi Li

Yang Zhang

Wenhai Zhang

Shi Jia

Rui Tian

Ye Kang

Yan Ma

Dan Li

Genetic Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer Metastasis May Be Related to miR-21 Regulation of TIMP-3 in Translation

<i>Background</i>. aim of this study was to compare the role of diagnostic laparoscopy and contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of abdomen in the staging of stomach carcinoma. <i>Methods</i>. This was a prospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years and included 50 patients of endoscopy and biopsy proven stomach carcinoma  that were found to be operable on CECT. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in all patients before proceeding to a formal laparotomy. <i>Results</i>. Metastasis was detected at diagnostic laparoscopy in 14 (28&#x25;) patients. CECT correctly identified the T stage in 22 (61&#x25;) patients. Overall accuracy of CECT for T staging was 74&#x25; with a a sensitivity of 65&#x25; and a specificity of 79&#x25;. Laparoscopy correctly identified the T stage in 26 (72&#x25;)  patients. Overall accuracy of laparoscopy for T staging was 81&#x25; with a sensitivity of 76&#x25; and specificity of 86&#x25;. the most common N stage on CECT was N0 (50&#x25;). CECT correctly identified the N stage in 26 (72&#x25;)  patients. Overall accuracy of CECT for N staging was 86&#x25; with a sensitivity of 50&#x25; and a specificity of 90&#x25;. the most common N stage on laparoscopy was N0 and N2 (42&#x25; each). Laparoscopy correctly identified the N stage in 27 (75&#x25;)  patients. Overall accuracy of Laparoscopy for N staging was 88&#x25; with a sensitivity of 53&#x25; and specificity of 91&#x25;. <i>Conclusion</i>. Laparoscopy is a valuable technique in staging of stomach carcinoma  and has an important role in the detection of intra-abdominal metastasis missed by CECT.

Showkat Majeed Kakroo

Arshad Rashid

Ajaz Ahmad Wani

Zahida Akhtar


							Manzoor Ahamad Chalkoo

Asim Rafiq Laharwal

Staging Laparoscopy in Carcinoma of Stomach: A Comparison with CECT Staging

<i  >Objectives</i>. To characterize clinical outcomes in patients with intermediate or high-risk endometrial carcinoma who underwent surgical staging with or without para-aortic lymphadenectomy. 
<i  >Methods</i>. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with intermediate or high-risk endometrial adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical staging with (PPALN group) or without (PLN) para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Data were collected, Kaplan-Meier curves were generated, and univariate and multivariate analyses performed to compare differences in adjuvant therapy, disease recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). <i  >Results.</i> 118 patients were included in the PPALN group and 139 in the PLN group. Patients in the PPALN group were more likely to receive adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy (25.4&#x25; versus 11.5&#x25;, <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.20473pt;width:62.837502px;" id="M1" height="11.6875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 62.837502 11.6875" width="62.837502"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.608,11.363)"><path id="x52" d="M631 18l-4 -26q-24 0 -35 1q-57 3 -92.5 23t-69.5 68q-21 30 -101 160q-13 22 -30.5 31t-54.5 9h-32v-159q0 -63 14 -77.5t74 -19.5v-28h-262v28q62 5 76 19.5t14 77.5v402q0 62 -13 76t-73 19v28h248q109 0 159 -34q67 -42 67 -131q0 -115 -127 -172q27 -52 89 -144&#xA;q49 -71 81 -104q31 -36 72 -47zM212 316h48q73 0 108 29q55 42 55 124q0 76 -42 112t-104 36q-41 0 -54 -10q-11 -7 -11 -44v-247z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.872,11.363)"><path id="x3D" d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.576,11.363)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.736,11.363)"><path id="x2E" d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.611,11.363)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8&#xA;l-26 -65h-233z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>, <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:58.712502px;" id="M2" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 58.712502 11.375" width="58.712502"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path id="x1D443" d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5&#xA;t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105&#xA;q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.446,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5&#xA;q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>) and less likely to receive adjuvant multimodal combination therapy (17.81&#x25; versus 28.8&#x25;, <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.20473pt;width:71px;" id="M3" height="11.6875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 71 11.6875" width="71"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,12.608,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x52"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.872,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.576,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.736,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.611,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.771,11.363)"><path id="x38" d="M249 635q70 0 116 -43t46 -105q0 -46 -28 -80q-22 -25 -80 -64q62 -35 97 -75t35 -99q0 -81 -63 -131t-135 -50q-83 0 -137.5 45.5t-54.5 123.5q0 52 45 95q29 28 89 64q-109 62 -109 155q0 66 50.5 115t128.5 49zM238 603q-42 0 -67.5 -31t-25.5 -72q0 -50 32.5 -79.5&#xA;t98.5 -62.5q61 48 61 124q0 59 -29.5 90t-69.5 31zM248 20q46 0 76.5 33.5t30.5 89.5q0 50 -39 85.5t-110 71.5q-81 -54 -81 -137q0 -67 35.5 -105t87.5 -38z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>, <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:66.875px;" id="M4" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 66.875 11.375" width="66.875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.446,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,58.64,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg>). DFS was improved in the PLN group as compared to PPALN (80&#x25; versus 62&#x25;, <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:58.712502px;" id="M5" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 58.712502 11.375" width="58.712502"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.446,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x32"/></g>

		
	
</svg>). OS was equivalent (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.20474pt;width:58.712502px;" id="M6" height="11.425" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 58.712502 11.425" width="58.712502"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.446,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><path id="x39" d="M244 635q90 0 143 -72t53 -177q0 -133 -65 -229.5t-171 -139.5q-79 -32 -140 -32l-5 30q109 18 185 91t101 186l-68 -36q-29 -16 -60 -16q-79 0 -129 51.5t-50 130.5q0 80 57 146.5t149 66.5zM228 602q-52 0 -78 -45.5t-26 -98.5q0 -69 36.5 -115.5t97.5 -46.5&#xA;q53 0 90 28q4 31 4 66q0 51 -9.5 95.5t-39 80.5t-75.5 36z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x33"/></g>

		
	
</svg>). Patients in the PPALN group who had less than 10 para-aortic nodes removed were twice as likely to recur than patients who had 10 or more para-aortic nodes or patients in the PLN group (HR 2.08, CI 1.20&#x2013;3.60, <svg     style="vertical-align:-0.20474pt;width:66.875px;" id="M7" height="11.425" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 66.875 11.425" width="66.875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.446,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,58.64,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x39"/></g>

		
	
</svg>). <i  >Conclusions</i>. Patients in the PLN group were more likely to receive multimodal adjuvant therapy and had better DFS than the PPALN group. Pelvic lymphadenectomy followed by adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy may represent an effective treatment option for patients with intermediate or high-risk disease. If systematic para-aortic lymphadenectomy is performed and less than 10 para-aortic lymph nodes are obtained, multimodality adjuvant therapy should be considered to improve DFS.

Taymaa May

Melina Shoni

Allison F. Vitonis

Charles M. Quick

Whitfield B. Growdon

Michael G. Muto

The Role of Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy in the Surgical Staging of Women with Intermediate and High-Risk Endometrial Adenocarcinomas

It is not always possible to evaluate patients that present acutely with carcinoma of the colon and rectum for synchronous lesions. Patients that require emergent surgery necessitate urgent and efficient operation. Patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, or obstruction represent a challenging subset of patients with colorectal cancer. An organized approach to these patients in the effort not to overlook a synchronous carcinoma is important. The present paper provides an evidenced-based approach to this special situation.

Jennifer L. Agnew

Benjamin Abbadessa

I. Michael Leitman

Strategies to Evaluate Synchronous Carcinomas of the Colon and Rectum in Patients That Present for Emergent Surgery

<i>Objective</i>. This study was conducted to assess the value of CT and MR imaging in the preoperative evaluation of ICA encasement. <i>Methods</i>. Based upon three patient groups this study was performed. Retrospective analysis of 260 neck dissection reports from 2001 to 2010 was performed to determine unexpected peroperative-diagnosed encasement. Two experienced head and neck radiologists reviewed 12 scans for encasement. <i>Results</i>. In four out of 260 (1.5&#x25;) patients undergoing neck dissection, preoperative imaging was false negative as there was peroperative encasement of the ICA. Of 380 patients undergoing preoperative imaging, the radiologist reported encasement of the ICA in 25 cases. In 342 cases no encasement was described, 125 of these underwent neck dissection, and 2 had encasement peroperatively. The interobserver variation kappa varied from 0.273 to 1 for the different characteristics studied. <i>Conclusion</i>. These retrospectively studied cohorts demonstrate that preoperative assessment of encasement of the ICA using MRI and/or CT was of value in evaluation of ICA encasement and therefore  contributively in selecting operable patients (without ICA encasement), since in only 1.5&#x25; encasement was missed. However, observer variation affects the reliability of this feature.

W. L. Lodder

C. A. H. Lange

H. J. Teertstra

F. A. Pameijer

M. W. M. van den Brekel

A. J. M. Balm

Value of MR and CT Imaging for Assessment of Internal Carotid Artery Encasement in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Sheldon Marc Feldman

Surgical Margins in Breast Conservation

<i>Background</i>. This study addresses clinicopathological differences between patients with gastric cardia and subcardial cancer with and without esophagogastric junctional invasion. <i>Methods</i>. We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study. We studied patients who underwent curative surgery for gastric cardia and subcardial cancers. Tumors centered in the proximal 5&#x2009;cm of the stomach were classed into two types, according to whether they did (Ge) or did not (G) invade the esophagogastric junction. <i>Results</i>. A total of 80 patients were studied; 19 (73.1&#x25;) of 26&#x2009;Ge tumors and 16 (29.6&#x25;) of 54&#x2009;G tumors had lymph nodes metastases. Incidence of nodal metastasis in pT1 tumors was significantly higher in the Ge tumor group. No nodal metastasis in cervical lymph nodes was recognized. Only two patients with Ge tumors had mediastinal lymph node metastases. Incidence of perigastric lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in those with Ge tumors. Ge tumors tended to be staged as progressive disease using the esophageal cancer staging manual rather than the gastric cancer staging manual. <i>Conclusion</i>. Because there are some differences in clinicopathological characteristics, it is thought to be adequate to distinguish type Ge from type G tumor.

Hiroaki Ito

Haruhiro Inoue

Noriko Odaka

Hitoshi Satodate

Michitaka Suzuki

Shumpei Mukai

Yusuke Takehara

Tomokatsu Omoto

Shin-ei Kudo

Comparison of Clinicopathological Characteristics in the Patients with Cardiac Cancer with or without Esophagogastric Junctional Invasion: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

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<p><em>International Journal of Surgical Oncology</em> publishes original research articles and review articles in all areas of surgical oncology.</p>


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International Journal of Surgical Oncology - Table of contents 2013

International Journal of Surgical Oncology | Hindawi

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International Journal of Surgical Oncology publishes original research articles and review articles in all areas of surgical oncology.

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International Journal of Surgical Oncology

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