| | Target | Drug | Model | Mechanism of AAA inhibition | Effects in human AAA |
| | Oxidative stress | -Tocopherol (vitamin E) | ATII/ApoE −/− mice [11] | ROS , macrophage infiltration | No effect on growth [12] | | Elastase/rat [13] |
| | Estrogen receptor |
17-estradiol | Elastase/rat [14] | Macrophage infiltration , MCP-1 , | No evidence | | ATII/ApoE −/− mice [15] | NF-B activity , MMP-9 , preserved elastin |
| | RAS | ACE inhibitor (captopril, lisinopril, and enalapril) | Elastase/rat [16] | Preserved elastin | Rupture risk [17]
growth [18] | | ARB (valsartan) | Elastase/rat [19] | Macrophage infiltration , NF-B activity , MMP-9 | No effect on rupture risk [17] |
| Mevalonate pathway
|
Statin
(simvastatin and atorvastatin) | Elastase/mice
| Macrophage infiltration , IL-1 , MCP-1 , NF-B activity , MMP-9 , | MCP-1 , MMP-9 [20–23]
growth [24–27] | | Elastase/ApoE −/− mice [28] | | Elastase/rat [29, 30] | Preserved elastin | No effect on growth [18, 31, 32] |
| | Mast cell | DSCG [33] | Elastase/mice | Mast cell and macrophage infiltration , IFN- , IL-6 , MMP activity , preserved elastin | No evidence | |
Tranilast [34] | CaCl2/rat
| | ATII/ApoE −/− mice |
| | NF-B | PDTC [35] | Elastase/mice | Cellular infiltration , IL-1 , IL-6 , NF-B activity , MMP-9 , preserved elastin | No evidence |
| | JNK | SP600125 [36] | CaCl2/ mice | Macrophage infiltration , MMP-9 , preserved elastin, regression of established AAA | MMP-9 , TIMP-3 [36, 37] | | ATII /ApoE −/− mice |
| | MMP |
Doxycycline | Elastase/rats [38–41] | MMP-9 , preserved elastin | MMP-9 [42, 43]
| Elastase/mice [44, 45]
| | CaCl2/mice [46] | ATII/ApoE −/− mice [47, 48]
| | Thioglycolate plus plasmin/rats [49] |
|
|
