The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiovascular Disease and Exercise

Figure 3

Schematic diagram of the chronic effect of exercise on ER stress and endothelial function. ER stress-mediated apoptosis and inflammatory responses are altered by exercise training; (1) CHOP-mediated, (2) IRE1α/NF-κB complex-associated, and (3) IRE1α/TRAF2/ASK1-associated gene/protein expression of apoptosis and inflammation are downregulated and eventually increase endothelial function by the elevated NO bioavailability.