Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Myocardial Injury, Coagulopathy, and Other Potential Cardiovascular Implications of COVID-19

Table 1

Cardiac complications.

	Eiros et al. [7]	Richardson et al. [113]	Bhatraju et al. [114]	Shi et al. [57]	Chen et al. [89]	Li et al. [25]	Wang et al. [115]	Liu et al. [11]	Ruan et al. [56]	Guan et al. [116]	Arentz et al. [75]	Huang et al. [117]	Wang et al. [13]	Yang et al. [110]	Zhou et al. [74]	Guo et al. [27]	Grimaud et al. [118]	Stefanini et al. [119]
	139	5700	24	416	274	1527	339	137	150	1099	21	41	138	52	191	187	20	28
Age	52 (median)	63 (median)	64 (median)	64 (median)	62 (median)	n/a	71 (mean)	57 (median)		47 (median)	n/a	49 (median)	56 (median)	60 (mean)	56	59 (mean)	10 (mean)	n/a
Cardiac symptoms
Chest pain	29%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Palpitations	32%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Clinical findings									—
CMR abnormalities	75%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ECG abnormalities	50%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Cardiomyopathy	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	33%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Myocarditis	37%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	100%	—
Myocardial infarction	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	100%
Cardiac injury biomarkers	—	—	—	20%	44%	8-12%	21%	—	40% ()	—	—	12%	7%	23%	17%	28%	—	—
Elevated troponin	—	23%	15%	20%	41%	—	—	—	—	—	—	12%	—	—	17%	28%	—	—
Arrhythmia	—	—	—	—		—	10%	—	—		—	—	17%	—	—	6%	100%	—
Heart failure	—	—	—	—	24%	—	17%	—	—		—	—	—	—	23%	—		—
Shock	—	—	—	—		—	2%	—	—	1%	—	7%	9%	—	—	—		—
Coagulopathy	—	—	—	—		—		—	—		—	—	—	—	19%	34%		—
Medications
Antibiotic use	41%	—	—	—	91%	—	—	—	95%	—	—	—	18%	—	—	98%	—	—
Antiviral use	12%	—	—	—	86%	—	—	—	59%	—	—	—	90%	—	—	89%	—	—
Mechanical ventilation	—	12%	75%	—	43%	—	—	—	17%	2%	71%	10%	12%	42%	17%	24%	40%	—
ICU	—	23%	100%	—	—	—	—	—	27%	5%	100%	32%	26%	100%	26%	—	100%	4%
Non-ICU	—	77%	0%	—	—	—	—	—	73%	95%	0%	68%	74%	0%	74%	—	0%	96%
Comorbidities
Hypertension	12%	57%	—	31%	34%	17%	41%	10%	—	15%	—	15%	31%	—	30%	33%	—	71%
CV disease	6%	—	—	—	—	—	14%	7%	—	—	—	15%	15%	10%	—	—	—	—
Dyslipidemia	19%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Coronary artery disease	—	11%	—	11%	8%	—	—	—	—	3%	—	—	—	—	8%	11%	—	—
CHF	—	7%	—	4%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Cardiomyopathy	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	4%	—	—
Previous MI	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	11%
Survived	—	5147	12	359	161	—	274	121	82	1084	10	35	132	20	137	144	20	17
Death	—	553	12	57	113	—	65	16	68	15	11	6	6	32	54	43	0	11