Traction Control of Electric Vehicles Using Sliding-Mode Controller with Tractive Force Observer

Table 1

Parameters of the vehicle and the friction model.

Parameter	Value
	1202 kg
	1.07 kgm^2
	1.15 m
	1.45 m
	0.53 m
	0.4
	0.013
	0.32 m
	1.05
	20.02
	0.4646