Troop Takeover and Reproductive Success of Wild Male Japanese Macaques on Yakushima Island (Macaca fuscata yakui)

Table 6

Reproductive success of takeover males.

Year	Troop	Troop takeover	Average number of estrous females per day	Infants born (paternity decided)	Number of male siring offspring
					High-ranking troop male^c	Low-ranking troop male^c	NTM	Takeover
1996^a	B	Yes	1.53	1 (1)	0 (2)	0 (4)	1	0 (2)
1997^a	B	No	1.73	3 (2)	1 (2)	0 (5)	1	—
1998^a	B	No	No data	0	0 (1)	0 (4)	0	—
1999^a	B	Yes	No data	1 (1)	—	—	1	0 (1)
2000^a	B	Yes	No data	1 (1)	0 (1)	0 (1)	0	1 (2)
2003	B	No	0.52	0	0 (1)	0 (1)	0	—
1997^b	NA	No	2.42	11 (9)	2^d (2)	3 (13)	3	—
1998^b	NA	No		0	0 (2)	0 (10)	0	—
1999^a	NA	Yes	1.77	3 (2)	0 (2)	1 (5)	1	0 (1)
2000^a	NA	No	1.28	1 (1)	0 (2)	1 (5)	0	—
2003	NA	Yes	1.63	3 (2)	1 (1)	0 (0)	0	1 (1)
2003	E	Yes	2.13	6 (5)	0 (2)	1 (5)	2	1^e (1)
2003	Momoe	Yes	1.39	2 (2)	0 (1)	2 (3)	0	0 (1)
Total				32 (26)	4 (19)	9 (56)	9	3 (9)

^aData are from Hayakawa 2008. ^bData are from Soltis et al., 2000, 2001. ^cThe number in parenthesis shows the number of candidate fathers. For example, in 1996, the number of high-ranking troop males was two, but the number of high-ranking males successfully siring offspring was zero. ^dOne of the high ranking male succeeded in siring two offspring. ^eTake over male succeeded in siring two offspring.