Comparative Study of Integrated Pest Management and Farmers Practices on Sustainable Environment in the Rice Ecosystem

Table 1

Details of treatments in the rice agroecosystem in 2010-11.

Treatments	Description of each treatment
T1	Collection of egg masses, sweeping, and perching: egg mass collection and sweeping both were employed at 7- and 15-day intervals, respectively; sweeping was over before flowering of rice plants; bamboo perching was put in the rice field 10 × 10 m distance as nest for keeping birds in the rice fields as biological agent
T2	Collection of egg masses, sweeping, perching, and ETL based insecticides application: collection of egg masses, sweeping, and perching activities were similar to treatment one; the rate of insecticides (Cartap) application was 30 mL @ 10 L water and sprayed two times for the total duration of rice crops
T3	Prophylactic insecticides application: only insecticides were applied for three times of the total duration of rice plant and dose was 40 mL @ 10 L water
T4	Farmers’ practices: farmers’practices were what they understand to apply of insect’s management in the rice ecosystem; they did not follow egg mass collection and sweeping in their rice fields; they were mostly dependent on insecticide (Cartap) application for control of rice pests; the insecticide application rate was about 45 mL @ 10 L water and application frequency was 4 times for the total duration of rice plants