Effect of Environmental Stressors on the Distribution and Abundance of Macroinvertebrates in Upper Awash River at Chilimo Forest, West Shewa, Ethiopia
Table 1
Means and standard deviations for environmental parameters of the study sites.
Parameter
Sampling sites
Galessa
Arera and Werabo
Anjory
Walgata
Osole
pH
8.78 ± 0.51
8.57 ± 0.28
8.72 ± 0.62
8.69 ± 0.45
8.58 ± 0.25
Conductivity (μS/cm)
187.04 ± 20.11qrst
297.78 ± 24.06 prst
370.77 ± 5.65 pqst
465 ± 32.97 pqr
472 ± 31.57 pqr
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)
7.69 ± 0.13
7.68 ± 1.03
7.39 ± 0.85
7.26 ± 0.5
7.4 ± 0.53
Dissolved oxygen (%)
96.86 ± 1.72
100.49 ± 2.49
108.78 ± 20.43
113.7 ± 10.69
125.4 ± 19.38
Temperature (°C)
12.49 ± 1.17rst
14.9 ± 2.03s
20.79 ± 3.59p
23.12 ± 1.2pq
21.25 ± 5.41p
Total phosphorous (mg/l)
0.06 ± 0.01
0.05 ± 0.01
0.28 ± 0.41
0.06 ± 0.01
0.027 ± 0.05
No3–N (mg/L)
0.12 ± 0.06r
0.37 ± 0.24r
0.83 ± 0.08pqs
0.38 ± 0.22r
0.48 ± 0.39
p, q, r, s, and t represent stressor types: p, forest site; q, less agriculture; r, high human activities; s, paper mill waste; t, more agriculture that indicates significant mean difference following post hoc tests. (Tukey HSD).