Phenology of Migration and Decline in Colony Numbers and Crop Hosts of Giant Honeybee (Apis dorsata F.) in Semiarid Environment of Northwest India

Table 4

Incidence of diseases, pests, predators, and enemies of giant honeybee (Apis dorsata) in semiarid environment of Northwest India.

Diseases, pests, predators, and enemies	Description of the pathogen/pest/enemy
	Symptoms	Causal organism present/absent	Month of incidence/infestation	Percent of colonies affected	Kind of damage to the colony	Gravity of damage to the colony
Viral disease	Absent	Absent	—	—	—	—
Bacterial disease	Absent	Absent	—	—	—	—
Fungal disease	Absent	Absent	—	—	—	—
Protozoan disease	Absent	Absent	—	—	—	—
Acarine disease	No specific symptom was seen	Tropilaelaps clareae waspresent	Dec–April	About 20% of the old colonies (, ); none of the swarm colonies	Not sure	Not sure
Wax moth infestation	Several silken tunnels in the midrib of the comb	Galleria mellonella was present	Feb–May	100 % of old colonies; none of swarm colonies	Destroy and devour combs	Combs in badly damaged state
Predatory wasp(s)/birds	Not seen	Absent	—	—	—	—
Other enemies	Not seen	Absent	—	—	—	—

—: incidence did not take place;  = Total number of colonies observed;  = Number of colonies showing the presence of mites.