Chlamydophila pneumoniae Infection and Its Role in Neurological Disorders

Table 3

Acute and chronic neurological complications preceding or following C. pneumoniae associated respiratory manifestations.

Author, year	Patient n.	Sex/age range (yr) median	Clinical findings	C. pneumoniae detection	Neuroimaging	Treatment	Outcome
Fryden et al. 1989 [148]	1	F/16	Encephalitis, respiratory tract infection	Serum (4-fold rise) in IgG and IgM^§ CSF negative for IgG and IgM	Brain CT scan	Clorampheni-col, Steroids	Recovery 1 year later
Haidl et al. 1992 [149]	1	M/13	Guillan-Barrè syndrome, parestesia, hyporeflexia, cough	Serum (4-fold rise) in IgG and IgM^§	ND	Steroids	Recovery 5 weeks later
Michel et al. 1992 [150]	1	M/9	Meningoradicultis, cough, rhinitis, hyporeflexia, back stiffness	Serum 4-fold fall in IgM, CSF positive for total IgG	ND	ND	Recovery 6 months later
Sundelöf et al. 1993 [151]	1	M/18	Meningoencepha-litis, headache, diplopia paresthesia, fever, cough	Serum IgG (4-fold), IgM^§ CSF negative for IgG and IgM	Brain CT scan	Erythromycin, Cefotaxime, Acyclovir	Recovery <1 week later
Socan et al. 1994 [152]	1	M/18	Diplopia, parestesia, meningeal syndrome, cough and pneumonia	Serum IgM and IgG^§ CSF negative for IgG and IgM	Brain CT scan	Acyclovir, Cefotaxime, Erythromycin	Recovery <1 week later
Koskiniemi et al. 1997 [153]	3	F^2/5.6	Pareses, sensory symptoms, convulsions, depression of conscious-sness	Serum IgM and IgG^§	Brain CT, EEG^##	Unspecified	ND
Korman et al. 1997 [154]	1	F/69	Cerebellar ataxia, respiratory failure	Serum (4-fold rise) in IgG, elevated IgA^§ CSF negative for IgG and IgM	Brain CT	Erythromycin, Imipenem	Recovery <1 month later
Heick and Skriver 2000 [155]	1	F/18	Coryzal illness, headache, dizziness, left-sided hemiparesis (^†ADEM), ataxia, fever, dry cough	CKT^# in serum serum IgM PCR in tracheal swab	Brain CT scan, cranial MR	Penicillin, Acyclovir, Gentamycine, Cefotaxime, Doxycycline, Methylpredn-isolone	Recovery 2 months
Guglielminotti et al. 2000 [156]	1	M/95	Meningeal syndrome, sleepiness, dry cough	Serum (4-fold rise) in IgG and IgA^§ CSF IgG	Brain CT, EEG	Acyclovir, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, Ofloxacin	died aspiration pneumonia
Anton et al. 2000 [157]	1	F/16	Hyporeflexia, bilateral nistagmus, sleepiness, motor weakness, rhinitis	Serum (4-fold rise) in IgG, IgM^§ CSF negative for IgG and IgM	Brain CT scan, Brain MR, Electrophy-siological studies	Ceftriaxone, Methylpredn-isolone	Recovery 2 months later
Airas et al. 2001 [158]	1	F/33	Sleepiness, memory loss, cough, pharyngitis	Serum IgA and IgG^‡	Brain MR	Acyclovir, Levofloxacine, Azhitromycine	Partial improvement
Boschin-Crinquette et al. 2005 [159]	1	M/21	Aphasia, meningeal syndrome, respiratory symptoms	Serum IgM° CSF negative for IgM, IgG and PCR	Brain CT scan, Brain MR	Acyclovir, Ofloxacin Amoxicillin, Cefotaxime	Recovery <2 weeks later

^§MIF: microimmunofluorescence; ^‡EIA: enzyme immunoassay; °ELISA: enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay; ^#CTK: Chlamydia Complement-binding Test; ^##EEG: electroencephalogram; ^†ADEM: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.