Ophthalmic Parasitosis: A Review Article

Table 2

Ocular parasitosis caused by protozoa (diagnosis and treatment).

Disease/Infection	Diagnosis	Treatment
Acanthamoebic keratitis	Corneal scrapings, culture	Propamadine (0.1% solution) + antibacterial preparation, polyhexamethylene biguanide (0.02% solution), chlorhexidine (0.02% solution), keratoplasty.
Chagas' disease	Blood smear, Buffy coat*, culture, Xenodiagnosis*	Nifurtimox, benznidazole
Giardiasis	Diagnosing intestinal disease and exclusion	Metronidazole, albendazole, paromomycin
Leishmaniasis	Tissue smears or biopsy, culture in NNN medium	Antimonials, amphotericin B, Paromomycin, Fluconazole, zinc sulfate
Malaria	BFMP*, Buffy coat, PCR, serological	Chloroquine, Primaquine, Dapsone, Mefloquine, artemisinin derevatives
Microsporidiosis	Corneal scrapings, biopsy, serological	Albendazole
Rhinosporidiosis	Histopathologic demonstration	Dapsone, amphotericin B
Toxoplasmosis	Serology (IgM, IgG), PCR	Clindamycin+ azithromycin, pyrimethamine+ sulfadiazine,

*Buffy coat: The thin layer of concentrated white blood cells that forms when a tube of blood is spun in a centrifuge.
*Xenodiagnosis: a method of animal inoculation using laboratory-bred bugs and animals.
*BFMP: Blood Film for Malaria Parasite.