Ecologic and Sociodemographic Risk Determinants for Dengue Transmission in Urban Areas in Thailand
Table 1
Univariate analysis of the association between ecological factors of households and dengue transmission.
Categorical variables
Household number (%)
Houses (%) with previous history of dengue casesa
P value
()
Yes ()
No ()
Ecotopeb
Commercial
200 (16.7)
23 (14.0)
177 (17.1)
0.031*
DENPURA
200 (16.6)
20 (12.2)
180 (17.4)
RCDENPURA
200 (16.7)
39 (23.8)
161 (15.5)
RC
600 (50.0)
82 (50.0)
518 (50.0)
Historical dengue risk area
Low
600 (50.0)
57 (34.8)
543 (52.4)
<0.001*
High
600 (50.0)
107 (65.2)
493 (47.6)
Number of house floors
One floor
501 (41.8)
70 (42.7)
431 (41.6)
0.861
Multifloors
699 (58.2)
94 (57.3)
605 (58.4)
Floor of principal livingc
()
First floor
222 (31.8)
34 (36.2)
188 (31.1)
0.385
Upper floors
477 (68.2)
60 (63.8)
417 (68.9)
Construction material of house
Concrete/Bricks
1,035 (86.2)
142 (86.6)
893 (86.2)
0.990
Wood
165 (13.8)
22 (13.4)
143 (13.8)
Number of house windowsd
0–9
717 (59.8)
86 (52.4)
631 (60.9)
0.049*
10 and over
483 (40.2)
78 (47.6)
405 (39.1)
Having screens for house windowse
()
No
407 (35.7)
42 (27.1)
365 (37.1)
0.020*
Yes
732 (64.3)
113 (72.9)
619 (62.9)
Having a yard/open space
No
372 (31.0)
41 (25.0)
331 (31.9)
0.090
Yes
828 (69.0)
123 (75.0)
705 (68.1)
Having bushes in a yard/open space f
()
No
454 (54.8)
72 (58.5)
382 (54.2)
0.426
Yes
374 (45.2)
51 (41.5)
323 (45.8)
Main purpose of house
Residential
887 (73.9)
126 (76.8)
761 (73.5)
0.413
Business/restaurant
313 (26.1)
38 (23.2)
275 (26.5)
House attachment
Attached
977 (81.4)
129 (78.7)
848 (81.9)
0.385
Detached
223 (18.6)
35 (21.3)
188 (18.1)
aNumber of houses with at least one dengue case during the past year.
bUrban ecotopes were commercial, densely populated urban residential area-DENPURA, and residential mixed with commercial and DENPURA-RCDENPURA, whereas semiurban ecotope was residential mixed with commercial-RC. Of the 1,200 houses, there were c699 houses that had ≥2 floors; d61 houses that had no windows; e1,139 houses that had at least one window; and f828 houses that had a yard/open space.
*Statistical significance with test (P < 0.05) for two-independent samples.
