Antimicrobial Property of Extracts of Indian Lichen against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Table 1

Zone of inhibition (mm) of extracts of Usnea ghattensis against tested microorganisms.

Serial number	Bacterial pathogen	Bacterial strain no.	Acetone extract		Methanol extract		Ethanol extract		Positive control	Negative control
			0.1 mg/mL	0.2 mg/mL	0.1 mg/mL	0.2 mg/mL	0.1 mg/mL	0.2 mg/mL	(Gentamicin and Ceftriaxone)	(pure solvent)
(1)	Staphylococcus aureus	ATCC 25923	13.8±0.7	24.6±0.5	15.2±0.9	24.7±0.4	8.8±0.8	19.1±0.8	25.6±0.7	0.0±0.0
(2)	Streptococcus faecalis	ATCC 33186	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	8.3±0.5	13.5±0.8	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	24.8±0.6	0.0±0.0
(3)	Bacillus cereus	ATCC 14579	20.6±0.5	23.9±1.1	19.1±1.1	23.6±0.5	20.4±0.5	29.8±0.6	29.1±1.1	0.0±0.0
(4)	Escherichia coli	ATCC 25922	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	25±0.4	0.0±0.0
(5)	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	ATCC 29853	0.0±0.0	8.4±0.6	0.0±0.0	8.7±0.4	0.0±0.0	12.3±0.5	26.6±0.7	0.0±0.0
(6)	Salmonella typhimurium	ATCC 13311	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	24±0.6	0.0±0.0

∗Values are in mean ± standard deviation, 𝑛=3.