Hematological Parameters and Hemozoin-Containing Leukocytes and Their Association with Disease Severity among Malaria Infected Children: A Cross-Sectional Study at Pawe General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Table 3
Factors associated with of severe malaria among the study participants, Pawe General Hospital, 2014.
Variables
Categories
UM: (%)
SM: (%)
COR (95% CI)
value
AOR (95% CI)
value
Age (year)
<5
70 (55.1)
57 (44.9)
3.71 (2.30–5.97)
<0.001
3.01 (1.83–7.39)
<0.001
≥5
205 (82.0)
45 (18.0)
1 (ref)
1 (ref)
Sex
Male
160 (73.4)
58 (26.6)
1.05 (0.67–1.67)
0.818
Female
115 (72.3)
44 (27.7)
1 (ref)
Axillary temperature (°c)
<37.5
113 (74.8)
38 (25.2)
1 (ref)
37.5–39.4
162 (71.7)
64 (28.3)
1.24 (0.76–2.04)
0.235
1.03 (0.57–1.84)
0.960
Anemia
Yes
93 (61.2)
59 (38.8)
2.68 (1.69–4.28)
<0.001
1.65 (0.93–2.92)
0.089
No
182 (80.9)
43 (19.1)
1 (ref)
1 (ref)
Leukocytosis
Yes
32 (55.2)
26 (44.8)
2.6 (1.46–4.63)
<0.001
3.20 (1.65–6.24)
0.001
No
243 (76.2)
76 (23.8)
1 (ref)
1 (ref)
Leukopenia
Yes
33 (84.6)
6 (15.4)
0.46 (0.19–1.13)
0.090
0.68 (0.25–1.88)
0.462
No
242 (71.6)
96 (28.4)
1 (ref)
1 (ref)
Thrombocytopenia
Yes
154 (72.0)
60 (28.0)
1.12 (0.71–1.78)
0.623
No
121 (74.2)
42 (25.8)
1 (ref)
HCMs
No HCMs
70 (93.3)
5 (6.7)
1 (ref)
1 (ref)
0.5–5%
143 (77.7)
41 (22.3)
2.04 (0.63–6.57)
0.234
3.77 (1.39–10.20)
0.009
>5%
62 (52.5)
56 (47.5)
8.31 (3.23–1.36)
<0.001
6.26 (2.14–14.29)
<0.001
HCNs
No HCNs
125 (80.6)
30 (29.4)
1 (ref)
1 (ref)
0.5–5%
143 (73.7)
51 (26.3)
1.49 (0.89–2.48)
0.129
0.79 (0.43–1.46)
0.455
>5%
7 (25)
21 (75)
12.5 (4.86–2.12)
<0.001
7.93 (3.09–16.86)
<0.001
Plasmodium species
P. falciparum
191 (67.5)
92 (32.5)
5.56 (1.63–11.12)
0.006
P. vivax
50 (87.7)
7 (12.3)
1.59 (0.38–6.57)
0.524
Mixed
34 (91.9)
3 (8.1)
1 (ref)
High parasitemia
Yes
117 (65.0)
63 (35.0)
2.18 (1.37–3.47)
0.001
1.90 (1.13–3.18)
0.015
No
158 (80.2)
39 (19.8)
1 (ref)
1 (ref)
UM = uncomplicated malaria, SM = severe malaria, = number, COR = crude odds ratio, AOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, HCMs = hemozoin containing monocytes, HCNs = hemozoin containing neutrophils, ref = reference, and μL = microliter. Mixed refers to P. falciparum and P. vivax coinfection.
