The Modes of Evolutionary Emergence of Primal and Late Pandemic Influenza Virus Strains from Viral Reservoir in Animals: An Interdisciplinary Analysis
Table 3
Referable influenza pandemics since 1510*.
Year
Geographic provenance
Antigenic subtype
Human genes
Avian genes
Porcine genes
1510(A)
Africa
1557(A)
Asia
1580(A)
Asia
1732
Russia/USA
1761(A)
Americas
1781
China
1800
Russia
1830
China
1847
Russia
H1N1(A)
1857
Panama
H1N1(distinct variant)(A)
1874(B)
Unknown
H2N2(C)
1889
Kazakhstan(D)
H3N8(E)
1900(E)
China(F)
H2N8(E)
1918
USA
H1N1
PB2 NP NS
PA PB1
HA NA M
1957
China
H2N2
PA PB2 NP NS M
PB1 HA NA
None
1968
China
H3N2
PA PB2 NA NP NS M
PB1 HA
None
1977
China
H1N1
All genes
None
None
2009
Mexico
H1N1(distinct variant)
PB1
PA PB2
HA NA M NP NS
*Based on Beveridge [84], and modified according to additional sources as noted in the table and the following references: (A)Taubenberger and Morens [85]; (B)Tognotti [86]; (C)Dowdle [87]; (D)Hays [88]; (E)Smith et al. [89]; (F)Middle East Critical Care Assembly [90].
