influenza perenni problem affect million peopl annual everpres threat devast pandem active prophylaxi vaccin against influenza virus current main countermeasur supplement antivir howev disadvantag strategi includ impact antigen drift necessit constant updat vaccin strain composit emerg antivir drug resist the develop other option influenza prophylaxi particular broad act agent abl provid protect period between onset pandem develop strain specif vaccin great interest exploitat broadspectrum mediat could provid barricad protect earli critic phase influenza virus outbreak passiv immun has potenti provid immedi antivir effect inhibit virus replic reduc virus shed therebi protect vulner popul event impend influenza pandem here review passiv broadspectrum influenza prophylaxi option focus har natur host defens includ interferon antibodi

Cassandra M. Berry

William J. Penhale

Mark Y. Sangster

Passive Broad-Spectrum Influenza Immunoprophylaxis

high pathogen avian influenza hpai h5n1 virus incurs from migrat bird have occur multipl time romania sinc 2005 begin septemb 2008 through april 2013 season sentinel surveil avian influenza virus aivs use domest gees anser cygnoid duck anas platyrhyncho danub delta establish place 15 gees 5 duck seven site tracheal cloacal swab sera collect start 2009 were taken month studi total 580 domest bird collect 5520 cloacal tracheal swab from each 2760 sera sampl all swab were studi realtim revers transcript polymeras chain reaction rrtpcr evid aiv serolog sampl were studi hemagglutin inhibit assay against avian influenza virus from 2009 2013 47 swab specimen from cot candura enisala saon screen posit aiv further subtyp demonstr 14 duck 20 gees had cloacal evid h5n3 carriag correspond 4 12 week after molecular detect sentinel bird sera reveal elev titer against virus antigen posit domest bird surveil effect method conduct aiv surveil among migrat bird delta area

Alexandru Coman

Daniel Narcis Maftei

Razvan M. Chereches

Elena Zavrotchi

Paul Bria

Claudiu Dragnea

Pamela P. McKenzie

Marissa A. Valentine

Gregory C. Gray

Avian Influenza Surveillance in the Danube Delta Using Sentinel Geese and Ducks

subtyp influenza virus common isol from wild aquat bird howev limit inform avail regard influenza virus isol from chicken compar viral genom segment between chicken hong kong w31297 h6n1 which abl grow chicken trachea duck shantou 554001 h6n2 which isol from wild aquat duck explor factor effect replic chicken when chicken were inocul reassort w312 background replic virus pb2 gene deriv from duck strain signific reduc chimera pb2 protein encod ctermin region pb2 protein protein from w312 were requir effici replic caninederiv mdck cell chicken trachea these result indic host rang may determin some type intern protein pb2 well surfac glycoprotein like hemagglutinin

Hiroichi Ozaki

Yi Guan

Malik Peiris

Robert Webster

Ayato Takada

Richard Webby

Effect of the PB2 and M Genes on the Replication of H6 Influenza Virus in Chickens

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Influenza Research and Treatment

Influenza Research and Treatment