Clinical Study

Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas in the Cavernous Sinus: Clinical Research and Treatment

Table 3

Time course of clinical symptoms and venous drainage in 76 patients with dural CCF.

Types of clinical courseNo. casesInitial symptoms forehead or retro-orbital pain (at the same time)Time until admission (mean ± SD)Ave. No. VD (% of CVD)

(i) Cranial nerve palsies Only2511(3)4 D–6 M ( 6 . 7 W ± 6 . 0 ) 2 . 6 ± 1 . 3 (33%)
(ii) Cranial nerve palsiesfollowed by classical symptoms276(0)2 M–24 M ( 2 5 . 1 W ± 2 3 . 5 ) 2 . 3 ± 1 . 4 (44%)
(iii) Classical symptoms Only134(0)1 W-14 M ( 1 9 . 1 W ± 1 8 . 7 ) 1 . 7 ± 0 . 9 (7.7%)
(iv) Classical symptoms followed by cranial nerve palsies114(2)1 M–7 M ( 1 1 . 9 W ± 9 . 0 ) 2 . 2 ± 2 . 0 (18.2%)

M: month; W: week; D: day; Ave: average; VD: venous drainage; CVD: cortical venous drainages.
𝑃 < 0 . 0 1 (compared with Type II): Student 𝑡 -test.