Consumption of Galactooligosaccharides together with Probiotics Stimulates the In Vitro Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Proliferation and IFNγ Production in Healthy Men

Table 1

Cytokine production in vitro by PBMC with or without stimulation by PHA during a pretreatment period and 2 weeks of treatment with probiotic juice with GOS.

Variables	Pretreatment	Probiotics+GOS	𝑃-value^a
	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)
IL-4 spont	0.20 (0.00–1.58)	0.55 (0.00–1.23)	.638
IL-4 PHA^+	45.3 (31.9–85.7)	38.7 (25.8–68.1)	.255
IL-5 spont	5.0 (0.0–18.8)	14.0 (0.0–31.0)	.156
IL-5 PHA^+	229 (148–458)	312 (212–621)	.223
IFNγ spont	53.0 (0.0–152.0)	43.4 (0.0–116.8)	.508
IFNγ PHA^+	92100 (42300–218000)	267000 (111000–503000)	.022
TGFβ1 spont	2460 (918–3750)	2750 (1920–4370)	.122
TGFβ1 PHA^+	3370 (2280–4240)	3720 (2460–6270)	.094

pg/mL. 𝑛=18 for all variables except IFNγ spont 𝑛=14. ^aWilcoxon signed ranks test.