Time-Domain Modeling of Tower Shadow and Wind Shear in Wind Turbines

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="890582.fig.001a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/isrn/volume-2011/890582/figures/890582.fig.001a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>Effect of wind speed <svg height="14.7125" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.450001 14.7125" width="26.450001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">𝑉</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.6,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">ℎ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.05,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> on wind shear</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="890582.fig.001b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/isrn/volume-2011/890582/figures/890582.fig.001b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>Effect of terrain <svg height="13.45" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.35 13.45" width="19.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">𝛼</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.202688" y="0">)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> on wind shear</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><img alt="890582.fig.001c" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/isrn/volume-2011/890582/figures/890582.fig.001c.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(c) </b>Effect of hub height <svg height="13.45" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.174999 13.45" width="24.174999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">𝐻</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.078618" y="0">)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> on wind shear</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><img alt="890582.fig.001d" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/isrn/volume-2011/890582/figures/890582.fig.001d.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(d) </b>Effect of radial distance <svg height="13.45" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.9125 13.45" width="16.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">𝑟</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0">)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> on wind shear</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>Comparison of wind shear with different (a) <svg height="14.35" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.049999 14.35" width="16.049999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑉</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">ℎ</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>, (b) <svg height="7.1750002" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝛼</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>, (c) <svg height="10.325" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 10.325" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐻</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>, and (d) <svg height="7.0124998" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.39)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑟</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>.</table>

International Scholarly Research Notices

Time-Domain Modeling of Tower Shadow and Wind Shear in Wind Turbines

Figure 1