Results and Complications of 1104 Surgeries for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Table 4

Advantages and disadvantages of the superiorly and inferiorly based pharyngeal flap.

	Advantages	Disadvantages
Superiorly based flap	more physiological	more nasal obstruction
	postoperative bleeding may be stopped easier	later correction is more difficult
	larger VP gap can be bridged
Inferiorly based flap	later correction is easier	difficult to stop postoperative hemorrhage
	less nasal obstruction	less physiological
	function well visible during speech therapy