The Biomechanical Effect of the Sensomotor Insole on a Pediatric Intoeing Gait

Table 3

Tibial rotation in transverse plane.

Gait cycle	With the SMI (𝑛=18)	Without the SMI (𝑛=18)	P value
Loading response	4.6^∘±15.9^∘	4.2^∘±16.0^∘	0.767
Mid stance	0.7^∘±12.5^∘	−2.0^∘±14.9^∘	0.030*
Terminal stance	1.4^∘±11.9^∘	−2.3^∘±14.5^∘	0.042*
Preswing	−0.2^∘±10.7^∘	−1.6^∘±12.8^∘	0.317
Initial swing	−7.0^∘±14.0^∘	−7.0^∘±15.7^∘	0.882
Mid swing	−1.2^∘±15.8^∘	−0.8^∘±17.4^∘	0.752
Terminal swing	7.4^∘±13.6^∘	7.4^∘±14.7^∘	0.909

SMI: sensomotor insole.
^*Statistically significant.
±: External rotation/internal rotation.