Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depression among African American and White Women

Table 2

Comparison of participant characteristics by GHQ case status.

	GH < 5 (𝑛=694)	GHQ ≥ 5 (𝑛=292)	𝑃 value
Demographic characteristics
Age (Standard deviation, SD)	30.2	30	0.12
Years of Education	12.7	12	0.003
Percentage with college degree	13.83	8.56	0.02
Number of assets	2.8	2.2	0.0003
Average family income	$33505	$29790	0.09
Average personal income	$16487	$12520	<0.001
Number of children	1.47	1.60	0.18
Percentage married	34.32	29.56	0.16
Age at first child’s birth	21.4	20.7	0.04
Percent black	77.40	84.29	0.01
Percent home ownership	26.4	20.6	0.06
Health characteristics
BMI	26.1	27.3	0.009
Percent current smoker	41.5	52.2	0.003
Percent current drinker	85.5	83.8	0.62
Percent with very good/excellent self-reported health	65.2	32.1	<0.001
Adult neighborhood characteristics
Median household income	$29829	$30075	0.79
Percent african american	64.9	55.8	0.001
Percent poor neighborhood	54.3	51.8	0.51
Percent reporting crime concerns	33.08	35.45	0.49
Psychological characteristics
Total GHQ-28 score	1.0	9.4	<0.001
GHQ depression	0.36	3.8	<0.001
GHQ anxiety	.04	1.0	<0.001