Routine Use of Color Doppler in Fetal Heart Scanning in a Low-Risk Population

Table 1

Main ultrasound finding, secondary findings, final diagnosis, and associated anomalies and outcome in 26 fetuses with major heart anomalies.

Main ultrasound finding Ultrasound diagnosis	Final heart diagnosis	Karyotype	Associated anomalies	Time of detection	Outcome
Unequal size of ventricles
Pulmonary stenosis, VSD	Tetralogy of Fallot			Routine	Surgical repair
Retrograde flow in aorta, tricuspid insufficiency	Hypoplastic aortic arch, CoA			Late	Surgical repair
Septum defect, one great vessel	AVSD, pulmonary atresia			Routine	Surgical repair
One great vessel, overriding artery, VSD	Tetralogy of Fallot	Trisomy 13		Late	Died after birth
Unilateral perfusion of right ventricle
One great vessel in “three-vessel view,” HLHS	HLHS			Routine	TOP (no autopsy)
Retrograde blood flow in aorta, HLHS	HLHS			Routine	TOP
One outlet vessel, HLHS	HLHS			Early	TOP
Common atrioventricular valve
Septum defect, atrioventricular insufficiency	AVSD	Trisomy 21		Routine	TOP
Septum defect	AVSD	Trisomy 21	Duodenal atresia	Late	Surgical repair
Septum defect	VSD	Trisomy 18	Multiple defects	Early	TOP
Atrioventricular insufficience
Tricuspid insufficiency, retrograde blood flow in DA, VSD	Ebstein’s anomaly			Routine	TOP
Tricuspid insufficiency, retrograde blood flow in DA	Ebstein’s anomaly			Routine	TOP (no autopsy)
Tricuspid insufficiency	PA		TTS	Routine	Surgical repair
Mitral insufficiency, septum defect, reduced contractility	ASD, cardiomegaly		Agenesis of kidneys	Routine	TOP
Overriding vessel
VSD	Tetralogy of Fallot			Routine	Surgical repair
VSD	Overriding aorta, ASD, VSD	Trisomy 18	Clinched fingers	Late	IUFD
Parallel vessels
TGA, DORV, VSD, tricuspid insufficiency	DORV, TGA, VSD, PA			Routine	Surgical repair
TGA, DORV, VSD	DORV, TGA			Routine	Surgical repair
TGA, large VSD	TGA, single ventricle		Kyphoscoliosis	Routine	TOP
One great vessel in “three-vessel view”
Overriding vessel, VSD	DORV, ASD, VSD	Trisomy 21		Routine	Surgical repair
VSD, tiny pulmonary artery	VSD, pulmonary stenosis			Routine	Surgical repair
Tricuspid insufficiency	DORV, TGA, VSD	Trisomy 18	Clinched fingers	Routine	TOP
No other findings	DORV, TGA			Routine	TOP (no autopsy)
Retrograde blood flow in “three-vessel view”
Aortic stenosis, retrograde flow in aorta	Aortic stenosis, VSD			Routine	Surgical repair
Retrograde flow in DA	HRHS, PA			Routine	TOP
Abnormal position of the heart
Heart outside thorax	Ectopic heart, VSD		Kantrell’s pentalogy	Early	TOP

VSD: ventricular septal defect; CoA: coarctation of the aorta; ASD: atrial septal defect; AVSD: atrioventricular septal defect; PA: pulmonary atresia; DA: ductus arteriosus; TGA: transposition of the great arteries; DORV: double-outlet right ventricle; HLHS: hypoplastic left heart syndrome; HRHS: hypoplastic right heart syndrome; TTS: twin-twin transfusion syndrome; TOP: termination of pregnancy; IUFD: intrauterine fetal death; routine: detected at a second trimester routine scan; early or late: detected before or after the routine scan.