Research Article

Patterns and Predictors of Long-Term Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 2

Age-adjusted comparison of baseline variables by glycemic control group in 4,852 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

CharacteristicsMean (SE)
GHb < 7.0%GHb 7.0%–9.5%GHb ≥ 9.5%

Number (%)1164 (25.4)1988 (43.4)1430 (31.2)
Age (yr)49.5 (0.24)49.3 (0.21)48.7 (0.33)
follow-up (yr)7.6 (0.10)8.8 (0.09)9.1 (0.15)***
Number of follow-up visit19.9 (0.44)22.7 (0.38)18.3 (0.62)***
Duration of diabetes (year)4.2 (0.12)5.3 (0.10)5.7 (0.17)***
Weight (kg)72.3 (0.30)71.4 (0.27)71.0 (0.43)*
Height (cm)159.9 (0.23)159.1 (0.20)159.2 (0.32)*
BMI (kg/m2)28.3 (0.11)28.2 (0.10)28.1 (0.16)
Systolic BP (mmHg)121.6 (0.41)122.7 (0.36)123.2 (0.57)*
Diastolic BP (mmHg)74.5 (0.30) 75.2 (0.26)75.4 (0.43)
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)167.1 (1.66)187.1 (1.46) 213.1 (2.34)***
GHb (%)7.7 (0.05)8.9 (0.05)10.2 (0.07)***
Creatinine ( M/L) 0.91 (0.02)0.90 (0.01)0.90 (0.02)
Triglyceride (mg/dL)209.4 (3.67)219.7 (3.20)234.8 (5.15)***
Cholesterol (mg/dL)209.6 (1.19)214.8 (1.04)220.1 (1.67)***
GHb change (%)−11.6 (0.60)4.1 (0.46)22.0 (0.54)***
HDL (mg/dL)44.7 (0.37)45.0 (0.32)45.2 (0.60)
LDL (mg/dL)125.0 (1.37)129.8 (1.20)132.0 (2.28)**
Gender %
 Men39.936.336.8
 Women60.163.763.2
Therapeutic regimen %
 Diet28.217.715.0***
 Oral agent64.669.868.4***
 Insulin7.212.416.6***
Education %
 Less than high school51.761.864.9***
 High school32.328.229.9***
 College graduate16.010.05.2***
Smokers %9.19.99.9
Weight category %
 Normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) 21.823.026.9*
 Overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2)48.145.741.1*
 Obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) 30.131.332.0*

Age-adjusted means were calculated using general linear models. Comparison across all three groups. * , ** , *** , CI: confidence interval; GHb: glycated hemoglobin.