Research Article
Patterns and Predictors of Long-Term Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 3
Age-adjusted associations of patient characteristics at baseline with percent of glycated hemoglobin (GHb) change at average 8.4 year, Isfahan, Iran.
| | Variables | Age-adjusted mean (SE) percent GHb change | | Entire group | GHb < 7.0% | GHb 7.0%–9.5% | GHb > 9.5% |
| | Number (%) | 4582 (100.0) | 1164 (25.4) | 1988 (43.4) | 1430 (31.2) | | Gender | | | | | | Men | 7.1 (1.59) | −11.2 (1.01) | 5.7 (0.77) | 22.7 (0.87)* | | Women | 4.9 (0.45) | −11.7 (0.74) | 3.2 (0.57) | 21.6 (0.69)* | | Age at registration (yr) | | | | | | 40 | 3.8 (0.92) | −11.5 (1.52) | 3.5 (1.23) | 19.6 (1.52)* | | 40–49 | 4.1 (0.58) | −11.7 (0.95) | 2.5 (0.76) | 21.1 (0.91)* | | 50–59 | 6.7 (0.60) | −11.2 (1.04) | 4.9 (0.77) | 22.7 (0.89)* | | 60–69 | 9.2 (1.10) | −13.8 (2.14) | 6.7 (1.39) | 24.5 (1.55)* | | 70 | 10.3 (2.02) | −7.2 (3.51) | 7.4 (2.51) | 25.2 (2.82)* | | Age at diagnosis (yr) | | | | | | 30 | 4.5 (1.59) | −13.8 (2.90) | 1.9 (2.14) | 19.3 (2.31)* | | 30–59 | 5.5 (0.38) | −11.3 (0.63) | 3.7 (0.49) | 22.0 (0.58)* | | 60 | 9.1 (1.54) | −15.3 (2.69) | 11.5 (1.92) | 23.9 (2.33)* | | Duration of diabetes (yr) | | | | | | 5 | 4.6 (0.47) | −11.4 (0.72) | 4.9 (0.60) | 22.6 (0.78)* | | 5–7 | 6.3 (0.83) | −11.7 (1.50) | 3.0 (1.04) | 21.5 (1.18)* | | 8–11 | 7.4 (1.07) | −14.6 (2.15) | 2.8 (1.35) | 22.5 (1.44)* | | 12 | 9.3 (1.03) | −10.1 (2.57) | 2.9 (1.40) | 20.3 (1.33)* | | Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | | | | | | 100 | 0.9 (1.70) | −9.2 (2.02) | 2.5 (2.59) | 26.5 (3.45)* | | 100–125 | −0.2 (1.00) | −12.2 (1.25) | 5.5 (1.37) | 26.7 (2.41)* | | 126 | 7.0 (0.39) | −11.6 (0.74) | 3.9 (0.50) | 21.5 (0.56)* | | Systolic BP (mmHg) | | | | | | 140 | 5.6 (0.40) | −10.7 (0.65) | 4.0 (0.52) | 21.6 (0.61)* | | 140–159 | 7.2 (0.97) | −15.1 (1.82) | 5.3 (1.19) | 23.5 (1.42)* | | 160 | 5.7 (1.57) | −19.4 (2.85) | 2.4 (1.86) | 23.4 (2.09)* | | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | | | | | | 70 | 4.6 (0.67) | −9.9 (1.05) | 5.5 (0.93) | 18.6 (1.07)* | | 70–90 | 6.3 (0.48) | −10.9 (0.83) | 3.9 (0.60) | 22.8 (0.72)* | | 90 | 5.4 (0.89) | −16.7 (1.51) | 3.3 (1.10) | 23.7 (1.26)* | | Therapeutic regimen | | | | | | Diet alone | 2.8 (0.79) | −10.0 (1.14) | 6.8 (1.04) | 20.9 (1.72)* | | Oral agent | 6.5 (0.43) | −11.6 (0.75) | 3.3 (0.54) | 22.9 (0.62)* | | Insulin | 6.8 (1.07) | −17.5 (2.23) | 3.5 (1.46) | 18.9 (1.37)* | | Education | | | | | | Less than high school | 7.1 (0.48) | −13.9 (0.89) | 3.9 (0.59) | 22.6 (0.66)* | | High school | 2.7 (0.66) | −11.4 (1.04) | 3.6 (0.90) | 18.8 (1.16)* | | College graduate | 6.3 (0.99) | −6.2 (1.33) | 7.4 (1.27) | 28.0 (1.83)* | | Smoking | | | | | | Nonsmoker | 7.3 (0.48) | −13.7 (0.91) | 4.2 (0.60) | 22.7 (0.68)* | | Current-smoker | 8.3 (1.47) | −10.4 (3.08) | 3.5 (2.01) | 21.3 (2.04)* |
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Age-adjusted means were calculated using general linear models. Category definitions are based on ADA and HEDIS cut-offs [7, 8]. *.
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