Alternative Treatment for Asthma: Case Study of Success of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Children from Urban Areas with Different Levels of Environmental Pollution

Table 4

Air pollutants and their effects on health.

Primary pollutants	Secondary pollutants	Impacts
Particles; (PM10, PM2.5, black smoke)		Mortality; Cardio-pulmonary morbidity; (cerebrovascular hospital admissions, congestive heart failure, chronic bronchitis, chronic cough in children, lower respiratory symptoms, cough inasthmatics)
SO2		Mortality
		Cardio pulmonary morbidity (hospitalisation,  consultation of doctor, asthma, sick leave, restricted activity)
SO2	Sulphates	Like particles?
NOx		Morbidity?
NOx	Nitrates	Like particles?
NOx + VOC	Ozone	Mortality; Morbidity (respiratory hospital admissions, restricted activity days, asthma attacks, symptom days)
CO		Mortality (congestive heart failure); morbidity (cardiovascular)
PAH		Cancers
diesel soot, benzene,
1,3-butadiene, dioxins
As, Cd, Cr-VI, Ni		Cancers; Other morbidity
Hg, Pb		Morbidity (neurotoxic)