Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Physical Conditions: A Narrative Review Evaluating Levels of Evidence
Table 1
Levels of evidence framework.
Level
Description
1
Systematic review/meta-analysis of RCTs
2
Randomized controlled trial (using usual care, waitlist, or active control group)
3.1
Pseudorandomized Controlled Trial (i.e., alternate allocation or some other method)
3.2
Comparative study with concurrent controls (e.g., nonrandomized experimental trial; Cohort study; case-control study; interrupted time series with a control group)
3.3
Comparative study without concurrent controls (e.g., historical control study; two or more single arm study; interrupted time series without a parallel control group)
