Optimum Design of Pile Foundation by Automatic Grouping Genetic Algorithms

Table 1

The ranges of pile diameter 𝑑 for a given module length 𝐿 in the four pile layouts in Figure 2.

Pile numbers	1	2	3	4
Pile spacing	𝐿	√2𝐿/2	2𝐿/3	𝐿/2
Pile diameter	𝐿/6≤𝑑≤𝐿/3	√2𝐿/12≤𝑑≤√2𝐿/6	𝐿/9≤𝑑≤2𝐿/9	𝐿/12≤𝑑≤𝐿/6