New Concepts in Median Nail Dystrophy, Onychomycosis, and Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Nail Pathology

Table 1

Summary of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating efficacy of laser therapy in the treatment of onychomycosis.

Study	In vitro or in vivo	Laser model	Outcome
Vural et al. [19]	In vitro	Q-switched Nd:YAG laser 532-nm and 1064-nm wavelengths	Inhibition of fungal colony growth
Manevitch et al. [20]	In vitro	Femtosecond infrared titanium sapphire	Complete clearance of T. rubrum infected nail clippings after 4 weeks
Kozarev and Mitrovica [21]	In vivo	25-millisecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser 1064 nm wavelength	100% clearance in 42 nails after 3 weeks of treatment
Hochman [22]	In vivo	0.65-millisecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser 1064 nm	7/8 cleared after 9 weeks of treatment
Landsman et al. [23]	In vivo	Dual-wavelength near-infrared diode laser with 830-nm and 970-nm wavelengths	22/26 demonstrated improvement after 4 months of treatment