Tuning and Retuning of PID Controller for Unstable Systems Using Evolutionary Algorithm

Table 6

PID parameters considered for Process 3.

Method	𝐾𝑝	𝑇𝑖	𝑇𝑑
Linearised (VC)	−0.9513	5.5363	0.5235
Vivek and Chidambaram (VC1)	−0.9524	5.6228	0.5304
Majhi and Atherton	−1.1855	4.7255	0.4377
PSO PID	−0.8722	5.4073	0.3645