Rare Earth Elements: Their Importance in Understanding Soil Genesis

Figure 7

Aqueous hydroxyl and carbonate speciation of Eu (III). The Eu speciation involved concentrations without recourse to activity coefficients and overall formation quotients from Baes and Mesmer [28], carbonate complexation constants from Luo and Byrne [36], and acid dissociation constants for carbonic acid and bicarbonate from Essington [37]. Author performed calculations using MinteqA2 [38].