A Review on Some Chemical Engineering and Microbiological Aspects Considered in the Production of Highly Concentrated Probiotic Cultures and Bacteriocins by Lactococci and Lactobacilli

Table 2

Some characteristics of bacteriocins produced by some Lactococci and Lactobacilli.

Bacteriocin	Producer	Molecular weight (Da)	Stability	Sensibility	Antibacterial activity against	References
Lacticin 3147	Lact. lactis DPC3147	—	100°C/10 min at; pH < 5.0; catalase	Proteinase K, trypsin, pronase E, chymotrypsin, pepsin	Ac.  aceti,  bacilli,  clostridia,   enterococci,  lactobacilli,   lactococci,  leuconostocs,; listeria,  pediococci,; staphylococci,  streptococci	[26]
Lactococin I	Lact. lactis subsp. cremoris AC1	6,000	100°C/30 min,; pH = 4.5–7.0	Proteolytic enzymes	Lactococci, clostridia	[27]
Lactoestrepcins; 1, 2, 3 and 4	Non-nisin producers strains of Lact. lactis subsp. cremoris, lactis and diacetylactis	>10,000	121°C/10 min,; pH < 5.0	Trypsin, pronase, chymotrypsin, lipases; pH > 7.0	Lactococci,  streptococci, Bac. cereus,  L. helveticus,; L. citrovorum,; L. paracitrovorum	[28, 29]
Lacticin 481	Lact. lactis subsp. lactis CNRZ 481	Between 1,300 and 2,700	100°C/1 h	Proteolytic enzymes	Lactococci, lactobacilli,; leuconostocs,; Cl. tyrobutyricum	[30, 31]
Nisin A	Lact. lactis subsp. lactis ATTC 11454	3,354	121°C/15 min,; at pH = 2.0; 100°C/10 min; pronase, trypsin,; erepsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase and pepsin at acidic pH	Chymotrypsin, ficin, papain	Lactococci,  bacilli, clostridia,  Staph. aureus,; micrococci; L. monocytogenes,; L. innocua, carnobacteria	[32–35]
Nisin Z	Lact. lactis subsp. lactis NIZO 22186	3,354	121°C/15 min,; at pH = 2.0; 100°C/10 min; pronase, trypsin,; erepsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase and pepsin at acidic pH	Chymotrypsin, ficin, papain	Lactococci, Bacilli,; Clostridia,  Staph. aureus,; Micrococci; L. monocytogenes	[35]
Lactacin B	L. acidophilus N2	6,300	100°C/60 min,; 121°C/3 min; −20°C; catalase	Proteinase K,; pronase	Lactobacilli, Proteus, Salmonella,; staphylococi, streptococci,; bacilli	[36]
Acidocin J1132	L. acidophilus JCM 1132	𝛼: 6,220; 𝛽: 6,280	100°C/30 min; catalase	Pronase, proteinase K, trypsin, pepsin	L. acidophilus,  L. casei,; L. plantarum	[37]
Acidocin 8912	L. acidophilus TK 8912	5,200	120°C/20 min	Proteinase K,; pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin	L. acidophilus,  L. plantarum, L. casei,  Lact. lactis	[38]
BLIS LF221	L. acidophilus LF221	—	100°C/5 min; pH = 2.0–9.0	Trypsin, pepsin, proteinase K and pronase; pH = 10.0	L. helveticus, Bac. cereus, Clostridium sp., L. innocua, Staph. aureus.	[39]
Brevicin B37	L. brevis 37	>10,000	121°C/60 min; pH = 2.0–10.0	pH > 12.0 a 25°C; pronase E,; trypsin	Pediococci, leuconostocs,; lactobacilli,  N. coralina	[40]
Bulgarican	L. bulgaricus DDS14	—	121°C/60 min; pH < 6.0	pH > 6.0	Staph. aureus	[41]
BLIS	L. bulgaricus 7994	0,700	100°C/1 h; 6°C/18 days	121°C/15 min; pH = 5.0–12.0	P. fragi, Staph. aureus	[42]
Curvacin A	L. curvatus; LTH 1174	3,000–5,000	100°C/3 min; pepsin	Proteinase K,; trypsin	Lactobacilli,  leuconostocs, carnobacteria,  Listeria sp.,; micrococci,  Staphhylococci	[43]
BLIS IFPL105	L. curvatus IFPL105	—	121°C/15 min; pH = 5.0–7.0; trypsin, pepsin	121°C/30 min,; chymotrypsin, proteinase K,; pancreatin	Lactococci, Lactobacilli,; Clostridia,  Listeria,; B. subtilis,  S. thermophilus,	[44]
Lacticin B	L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis JCM 1248	—	—	60°C/10 min; proteolytic enzymes	L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii	[45]
Fermenticin	L. fermentum 466	—	96°C/30 min; pH = 1.0–14.0; lysozyme	Trypsin,; pepsin	Lactobacilli	[46]
Fermenticin B	L. fermentum; CCRC 14018	1,000–3,000	100°C/30 min; pH = 3.0–8.0 during 36 h at 4°C	pH > 8.0; proteinase K,; chymotrypsin, amyloglucosidase at 30°C/1 h	L. plantarum subsp.,; L. pentosus,  L. brevis,; L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. helveticus subsp.,; M. luteus	[47]
Gassericin A	L. gasseri; LA39	6,300	120°C/20 min	Trypsin	Lactobacilli	[48]
Helveticin J	L. helveticus; 481	37,000	Lipase, lisozime	Heat; ficin, pronase,; trypsin, pepsin,; proteinase K, subtilisin	L. bulgaricus, Lact. lactis,; L. helveticus	[49]
Helveticin; V-1829	L. helveticus V-1829	>10,000	45°C/120 min; pH = 2.5–6.5	50°C/30 min; pH > 7.0; proteinase K, ficin, trypsin,; pronase	Lactobacilli	[50]
Lactacin F	L. johnsonii VPI11088	2,500	121°C/15 min	Proteinase K,; trypsin, ficin,; subtilisin	Lactobacilli, Ent. faecalis	[51]
Plantaricins A, EF, JK and N	L. plantarum C-11	>8,000	100°C/30 min; pH = 4.0–6.5	Proteolytic enzymes	Lactobacilli, carnobacteria; pediococci,  leuconostocs,; lactococci, enterococci	[52, 53]
Plantaricin C	L. plantarum LL441	3,500	4°C, −20°C; 100°C/60 min,; 121°C/10 min; pH < 7.0; pepsin, proteinase K, amylase, lipase	pH > 7.0; pronase, trypsin, chymotrypsin	Lactobacilli, pediococci,; leuconostocs,; Prop. acidopropionici,; Lact. cremoris,  S. thermophilus,; Ent. faecalis,  S. carnosus,; Bac. subtilis,  Cl. sporogenes,; Cl. tyrobutyricum	[54]
Plantaricin S	L. plantarum LPC010	2,500	100°C/60 min; pH = 3.0–7.0	—	Leuconostocs,  clostridia, lactobacilli,  enterococci,; pediococci,  lactococci,; streptococci,; Propionibacterium	[55]
Plantaricin T	L. plantarum LPC010	2,000	100°C/60 min; pH = 3.0–7.0; amylase, lipase	Proteolytic enzymes	Leuconostocs,  clostridia,; lactobacilli,  enterococci, pediococci,  lactococci,; streptococci,  micrococci,; Propionibacterium	[55]
Reutericin 6	L. reuteri LA6	200,000	100°C/60 min	121°C/20 min, proteolytic enzymes	L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii; subsp. bulgaricus and  subsp. lactis	[56]
Sakacin A	L. sake 706	4,380	100°C/20 min; −20°C	Trypsin, pepsin	Leuconostocs,  lactobacilli, enterococci,; Lact. lactis subsp. cremoris,; L. monocytogenes,; A. hydrophila,; Staph. aureus	[57]
Sakacin B	L. sake 251	6,300	100°C/20 min; pH = 2.0–9.0	Protease XV,; bromelain	L. plantarum,  L. curvatus,; L. sake; L. minor, L. halotolerans,; L. viridescens, Leuc. mesenteroides; Streptococcus sp.	[58]
Sakacin M	L. sake 148	4,640	80°C/60 min,; 150°C/9 min	Pepsin, trypsin, papain, proteases II and XIV	Lactobacilli,  leuconostocs,; carnobacteria,; L. monocytogenes,; Staph. aureus	[59]
Sakacin P	L. sake LTH 673	3,000–5,000	100°C/30 min; pepsin	Proteinase K, trypsin	Lactobacilli,  leuconostocs, carnobacteria,  enterococci,; Br. thermosphacta,  listeria	[43]
Salivacin 140	L. salivarus subsp. salicinius T140	—	Catalase	Pronase E	L. monocytogenes,; S. mutans  Staph. aureus,  lactobacilli,  Act. viscosus,  Y. enterocolitica Prop. acnes	[60]