Visible Light Photocatalysis with Rare Earth Ion-Doped TiO_𝟐 Nanocomposites

Figure 4

Photocatalytic degradation with time of Congo red in the presence of  [R₂O₃]_𝑥⋅[TiO₂]_1−𝑥 composites; (a) Y³⁺-doped samples, (b) Yb³⁺-doped samples, and (c) Gd³⁺-doped samples with the results of experiments without any catalyst (+), and in the absence of light irradiation (×). The degradation with commercial TiO₂ is also shown for comparison. The lines represent the best-fit curves.

(a)

(b)

(c)