|
| Anti-inflammatory Agent (ID no. marked yellow on individual plots) | Immunosuppressive effect | References |
|
| (1) Mesalazine | Potent and specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B. | [24] |
| Anticonvulsants | | |
| (2) Dilantin (phenytoin sodium) | Humoral immune suppressant. | [25] |
| (3) Zonisamide | Suppression of IFN-gamma Production by Lymphocytes. | [26] |
| Atypical Antipsychotics | | |
| (4) Olanzapine (Zyprexa, etc.) | Suppress tumor necrosis factor, (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and upregulates IL-10. | [27] |
| Benzodiazepines: | | |
| (5) Alprazolam ( Xanax) | Inhibits proliferative responses of both B- and T-cells. | [28] |
| (6) Clonazepam | Depression of cellular and humoral immune response. | [29] |
| (7) Diltiazem | Induces direct immunosuppression. | [30]. |
| (8) Diazepam (Valium) | Markedly suppresses Antigen-specific antibody production and T-cell reactivity. | [31] |
| Colesterol Lowering Drugs | | |
| (9) Atorvastatin (Lipitor) | Increases in IL-10 production.
IL-10 mediates immune suppression. | [32] |
(10) Fenofibrate (reduces
lipoproteins) | A Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist. | [33] |
| (11) Pravastatin | B, lymphocyte and T lymphocyte suppression. | [34] |
| (12) Rosuvastatin (Crestor) | Posttranscriptional level of genetic expression of inflammatory process. | [35] |
| (13) Simvastatin (Zocor) | Mediates induction of Foxp3(+)
T Cells Which Mediate Immuno-Suppression. | [36] |
| Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (Antidepressants) | | |
| (14) Bupropion (Wellbutrin, etc.) | Involved in inhibiting neuroimmunomodulation. | [37] |
| Serotonin—Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs, Antidepressants): | | |
| (15) Venlafaxine | Suppresses proinflammatory cytokines. | [38] |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs, antidepressants): | | |
(16) Paroxetine (trade names:
Seroxat, Paxil) | Inhibits splenocyte viability. | [39] |
| Decreases CD4 T-helper cells. | [40] |
| (17) Fluoxetine (Prozac) | Decreases T Lymphocyte Activity. | [41] |
| (18) Sertraline hydrochloride (Zoloft) | Suppression of antigen-specific T(H)1 responses. Inhibition of interferon gamma and stimulation of interleukin-10. | [42] |
| (19) Clomipramine | As per sertraline. | [43] |
(20) Trazodone (Desryl, Oleptro,
Beneficat, Deprax, Desirel,
Molipaxin, Thombran, Trittico,
Mesyrel). | As per sertaline. | [43] |
| Other Immunnosuppressants (1): | | |
| (21) Amantadine | Inhibits antigen-specific T- and NK-Cell Responses. | [44] |
(22) Amitriptyline (Elavil, Tryptizol,
Laroxyl, Sarotex) | Decrease in the Proliferation of Slenocytes and in NK Activity. | [45] |
(23) Clonidine (a direct-acting α2
adrenergic agonist). | Stimulates production of IL-10 (an anti-Inflammatory cytokine that reduces serum antibody production.) | [46] |
(24) Depakote (Valproate semisodium
used to treat major depressive
disorder.) | Suppresses IL-6- and/or IL-6R-related mechanisms. | [42] |
| (25) Donepezil (Aricept) | Reversible Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor. Suppresses Neuroinflammation of the Brain. | [47] |
| (26) Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) | Chemotherapeutic agent, depletes B cells. | [48] |
(27) Levoxyl (Levothyroxine,
Synthroid). | Inhibits cytokine production in T cells. | [49] |
| (28) Warfarin (Coumadin) | Suppresses IL-6 secretion.
Serves as immunosuppressant. | [50] |
| Other Immunnosuppressants (2): | | |
| (29) Heroin and Methadone. | Suppression of Cellular and Humoral Immunity. | [51] |
| (30) Morphine. | Suppression of Cellular and Humoral Immunity. | [51] |
| (31) Oxycodone & Propoxyphene | Suppression of Cellular and Humoral Immunity. | [51] |
| (32) Prednisone | Catabolic Steroid.
Suppression of Cellular and Humoral Immunity. | |
|
