Predisposing Individual Characteristics and Perinatal Outcomes of Women in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Who Initiate Prenatal Care Late in Their Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study
Table 1
Demographic and maternal characteristics of the study groups.The table indicates the number of women in each group and the data are presented as the mean standard deviation.In the late attenders group, the mean maternal age was less than that in the control group ().Late attenders had statistically significant higher rates of unmarried status, history of divorce, absence of a relationship with the child’s father, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, and history of abortion compared with those of the control group .
Late attenders ()
Control group ()
Maternal age (years), mean ± SD
<0.01
<20 years
26 (21.5%)
17 (1.0%)
<0.01
20 to 29 years
57 (47.1%)
501 (28.0%)
30 to 39 years
37 (30.6%)
1150 (64.4%)
≥40 years
1 (0.8%)
119 (6.7%)
Primiparity/multiparity
65/56
1,034/753
0.39
Multiparas with 4 or more previous deliveries
7 (5.8%)
19 (1.1%)
<0.01
Women who had a history of induced abortion
53 (43.8%)
263 (14.7%)
<0.01
Unmarried
102 (84.3%)
52 (2.8%)
<0.01
Women who had a history of divorce
43 (35.5%)
49 (2.7%)
<0.01
Women who had no relationship with the child’s father
