Sexually Transmitted Infections and Male Circumcision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 16

Sensitivity analysis of high-risk and general populations of studies of the association between circumcision status and various sexually transmitted infections.

	Random-effects odds ratio	95% confidence interval	Heterogeneity chi-square (df)
Genital discharge syndrome
High-risk populations	1.18	1.11–1.25	2.14 (3) 𝑃=.5444
General populations	0.77	0.59–0.99	16.78 (5) 𝑃=.0049
NSU
High-risk populations	0.95	0.73–1.55	13.90 (6) 𝑃=.0308
General populations	0.61	0.48–0.76	11.76 (4) 𝑃=.0192
Chlamydia
High-risk populations	1.02	0.83–1.26	9.49 (6) 𝑃=.1478
General populations	0.77	0.46–1.31	22.40 (6) 𝑃=.0010
Gonorrhea
High-risk populations	1.09	0.86–1.40	77.07 (15) 𝑃<.0001
General populations	1.02	0.88–1.18	11.12 (10) 𝑃=.3482
GUD
High-risk populations	1.91	1.50–2.43	15.63 (6) 𝑃=.0159
General populations	1.34	1.13–1.59	3.78 (4) 𝑃=.4371
Syphilis
High-risk populations	1.40	1.06–1.85	39.45 (12) 𝑃<.0001
General populations	1.22	1.00–1.49	27.96(15) 𝑃=.0218
Herpes simplex
High-risk populations	1.20	0.99–1.46	23.15 (14) 𝑃=.0579
General population	1.06	0.78–1.45	124.28 (17) 𝑃<.0001
Genital warts
High-risk populations	0.91	0.58–1.44	28.16 (7) 𝑃=.0002
General populations	0.78	0.63–0.96	8.61 (6) 𝑃=.1969
Any HPV
High-risk populations	1.24	0.85–1.82	14.13 (8) 𝑃=.0786
General populations	1.23	0.97–1.55	24.10 (15) 𝑃=.0634
High-risk HPV
High-risk populations	1.08	0.72–1.63	15.82 (8) 𝑃=.0450
General populations	1.21	0.92–1.58	28.65 (15) 𝑃=.0178
Any STD
High-risk populations	0.96	0.79–1.17	6.29(4) 𝑃=.1788
General populations	0.84	0.69–1.02	296.71 (20) 𝑃≤.0001
General populations; no Langerin	0.79	0.69–0.90	43.59 (19) 𝑃<.0001