Reference Population (species);
per group; body weight (kg) Experimental groups/conditions Isotope Plasma rate of appearance (mg kg−1 min−1 ) C T1 T2 T3 [7 ] Canine (Beagles) ; 6; Basal (C), total (T1), and peak (T2) in response to single mixed meal U-14 C 1.57 2.30† 3.68† — Same as above 3-3 H 2.50 3.03† 5.20† — [8 ] Canine (Beagles) ; 7; Healthy (C) versus obese (T1) 6,6-2 H 2.80 ± 0.30 2.50 ± 0.30 — — [9 ] Canine (Mongrel) ; 6; Basal (C) after 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) weeks of moderate-fed feeding 3-3 H 2.60 ± 0.50 3.30 ± 0.50 3.30 ± 0.50 — [10 ] Canine (Mongrel) ; 6; ~22 Basal (C), 7 (T1), 40 (T2), and 120 (T3) mU/kg/h constant insulin infusion during clamped euglycemia 3-3 H 3.43 ± 0.32 3.22 ± 0.29 9.85 ± 1.67 18.3 ± 2.52 Same parameters as above during clamped hyperglycemia 6.48 ± 0.40 8.30 ± 5.60 17.3 ± 1.12 30.2 ± 4.36 [11 ] Canine (Mongrel) ; 6; Basal (C) versus methylprednisolone (T1) 2-3 H 3.96 ± 0.34 7.22 ± 0.45 — — Same as above 3-3 H 2.59 ± 0.23 3.32 ± 0.17 — — Same as above U-14 C 2.60 ± 0.16 3.47 ± 0.30 — — [12 ] Canine (Labrador Retriever) ; 3; BW not reported Basal (C) versus exercise intensities of 40% (T1), 60% (T2), and 85% (T3)
3-3 H 4.38 16.7 ± 1.62† 18.9 ± 2.81† 17.7 ± 3.49† [13 ] Canine (Mongrel) ; 6; ~22 Basal (C); exercise at 60%
(T1); mild diabetic after exercise (T2); diabetic treated with Phlorizin after exercise (T3) 3-3 H 2.14 ± 0.11 5.81 ± 0.25 5.17 ± 0.36 3.83 ± 0.32 [14 ] Canine (Mongrel) ; 6; Basal (C), exercise at 60%
(T1); primed constant infusion of AICAR (T2) or free fatty acids (T3) 3-3 H 2.29 ± 0.16 4.95 3.01 ± 0.22 2.07 ± 0.14 [15 ] Canine (Mongrel) ; 8 healthy; 3 diabetic; Basal (C), primed constant infusion of AICAR (T1), methylpalmoxirate (T2) or both (T3) 3-3 H 2.34 3.15 2.61 2.88 Same as above in diabetic dogs (alloxan induced) 3-3 H 5.83 ± 0.36 5.69 ± 0.67 4.25 ± 0.47 3.94 ± 0.31 [16 ] Canine (Mongrel) ; 8; BW not reported Saline (C); pulsatile (T1) or constant (T2) octanoate infusion 3-3 H 3.00 ± 0.30 3.30 ± 0.40 2.60 ± 0.30 —
