Review Article

Adipose Tissue in Obesity-Related Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Cells, Cytokines, and Chemokines

Table 2

Adipokines decreased in obesity and/or diabetes (adapted and updated from [85]).

AdipokineDistributionFunctionDecreased in obesity

AdiponectinOnly secreted by adipose tissue. Lower production in men Insulin sensitizing effect. Improves insulin resistance and glucose metabolismDecreased in mouse models of obesity. Decreased in human obesity and correlated negatively with BMI. Increased after weight loss

IL-10Secreted by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B and T cellsImproves insulin sensitivity and glucose transportAttenuated in T2D patients and increased with weight loss

OmentinExpressed in heart, lungs, ovary, and placenta and predominantly produced by WATImprove glucose uptake in human adipocytes and has an anti-inflammatory effectDecreased circulating levels in obese subjects. In impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) and subjects with T2D, circulating levels are lower those when compared with matched controls