Adipose Tissue in Obesity-Related Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Cells, Cytokines, and Chemokines
Table 2
Adipokines decreased in obesity and/or diabetes (adapted and updated from [85]).
Adipokine
Distribution
Function
Decreased in obesity
Adiponectin
Only secreted by adipose tissue. Lower production in men
Insulin sensitizing effect. Improves insulin resistance and glucose metabolism
Decreased in mouse models of obesity. Decreased in human obesity and correlated negatively with BMI. Increased after weight loss
IL-10
Secreted by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B and T cells
Improves insulin sensitivity and glucose transport
Attenuated in T2D patients and increased with weight loss
Omentin
Expressed in heart, lungs, ovary, and placenta and predominantly produced by WAT
Improve glucose uptake in human adipocytes and has an anti-inflammatory effect
Decreased circulating levels in obese subjects. In impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) and subjects with T2D, circulating levels are lower those when compared with matched controls