A Recent Review on Chemiluminescence Reaction, Principle and Application on Pharmaceutical Analysis

Table 1

Common application of the main CL System.

Phase	Reagents	Analyte	References
Gas	Ethylene	O3	[5]
Gas	O3 after conversion of the analyte to NO	Nitrosamine total nitrogen	[6]
Gas	H2 flame	Sulfer compounds	[7]
Gas	H2 flame followed by O3	Sulfer compounds	[7]
Liquid	Luminal and derivatives	Metal ions and complexes (Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Zn(I), Cd(II), Mn(II), Cr(III), Cr(Iv), Pt(Iv), ClO^−Fe(CN)6^−3,; Heme compounds, Peroxides, oxidants (H2O2, O2, I2 etc...),Inhibitors (Ag(I), Ce(IV), Ti(IV); Substance easily oxidized and indirectly determined (Ascorbic acid, carboxylic acids, amines, etc…); Substances converted in to H2O2 (glucose, etc…); Substances labeled with luminal and derivatives	[8–13]
Liquid	Acridinium esters	Substance labelled with acridinium esters, Ions Ag(I), Bi(III), Pb(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn((II), etc...); Oxidants (H2O2, O3 etc…), Substances converted in to H2O2; Reducing compounds (Cr(II), Fe(II), Mo(V), ascorbic acids, tetracyclines sugars, etc…)	[14, 15]
Liquid	Peroxyoxalates	Oxidants (H2O2, O3 etc…), Flourophores (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc…), Derivativatized compounds with fluorophores (amino acids, steroids, aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, catecholamines, etc…)	[10, 12]
Liquid	Direct oxidation with MnO4, ClO^−, Ce(Iv), IO4^− etc	Different molecules (usually in pharmaceutical applications)	[16–18]