The Effect of Prey Density on Life Table Parameters of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Fed on Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under Laboratory Conditions

Table 1

Developmental time, longevity, and fecundity of Hippodamia variegata females reared on different densities of Aphis gossypii (all data ± SE).

Prey density	Preadult period	APOP	TPOP	Oviposition period (day)	Fecundity (eggs/female)	Female longevity (day)
20	16.49±0.29^a	13.19±1.78^a	29.9±1.91^a	11.95±1.41^a	70.7±8.3^a	81.78±8.03^a
40	14.24±0.13^b	11.67±0.90^d	25.33±0.87^b	47.11±2.65^b	404.2±44.4^b	84.83±2.95^a
60	13.97±0.06^bc	8±0.57^bc	22.07±0.58^b	58.8±23.91^b	787.7±23.9^c	86.33±2.36^a
80	13.71±0.07^bc	7.31±1.46^b	21±1.50^b	59±57.64^c	1319.8±45.2^d	87.73±2.09^a
100	13.65±0.09^c	5.67±1.19^dc	19.89±1.19^b	64.62±2.45^c	1332.2±57.6^d	94.31±2.04^b

APOP: adult preovipositional period; TPOP: total preovipositional period (from egg to first oviposition). Within columns, values followed by the same letter do not differ significantly (𝑃<0.0001) using the Duncan-LSD procedure.